8 Non-Extradition Countries in 2025

Extradition treaties allow governments to request the return of individuals facing criminal charges. However, not all countries participate in these treaties.

Some nations either lack extradition agreements with certain countries or refuse to extradite individuals for political, legal, or strategic reasons. These so-called “non-extradition countries” have long been a topic of interest in legal and diplomatic circles.

This article provides a comprehensive list of non-extradition countries in 2025, explains why certain nations do not participate in extradition, and examines the legal implications for individuals and governments.

• What Are Non-Extradition Countries?
• What Are Non-Extradition Treaties?
• 8 Best Non-Extradition Countries
• 9 Countries With No Extradition Treaty With the US
• Countries With and Without Extradition Treaties With Others
• Importance of Extradition in International Law
• Why Do Some Countries Not Honor Extradition Treaties?
• Difference Between Countries Having No Extradition Treaty and Not Extraditing

What Are Non-Extradition Countries?

Extradition is defined as the act of one country handing over a person accused or convicted of a crime to the jurisdiction of a foreign state in which the crime was originally committed.

Non-extradition countries are countries that do not extradite their citizens to other countries. This can be because they have laws that prohibit extradition or because they have not signed extradition treaties with other countries.

Extradition treaties are legal agreements that facilitate the transfer of fugitives or refugees across borders to face justice in another country.

Countries without such treaties might refuse extradition for various reasons, including political considerations, differing legal systems, or concerns about human rights abuses in the requesting country. For example, a country may refuse to extradite someone if they face the death penalty, torture, or unfair trials.

What Are Non-Extradition Treaties?

Non-extradition treaties are agreements between countries that outline the terms under which one country may refuse to surrender a person to another country for criminal prosecution or punishment.

Key features of these treaties often include:

• Exclusion of certain crimes: Some crimes, like political offenses or acts against human rights, are often excluded from extradition agreements.
• Dual criminality principle: The crime must be illegal in both countries for extradition.
• Nationality exemption: Many treaties prevent the extradition of a country’s own nationals.
• Requirement for fair trials: Extradition may depend on assurances that the individual will receive a fair trial, avoiding risks like torture or the death penalty.
• Conditions for extradition: Strict procedures must be followed when processing extradition requests.

8 Best Non-Extradition Countries

For countries to be considered the best non-extraditions countries, these are factors that contribute to their attractiveness as safe havens:

• Stable Legal Systems
• Absence of Extradition Treaties
• Political Neutrality
• Strong Privacy Laws

1. United States

The US has a vast network of extradition treaties with over 100 countries. Its comprehensive legal process and active pursuit of international fugitives make it a central player in global extradition efforts. The US also has mechanisms for handling extradition requests with significant attention to legal procedures and the protection of human rights.

2. United Kingdom

The UK is another country considered to be one of the best non-extradition countries because it has extensive extradition agreements with numerous countries, facilitated by its membership in international bodies such as the European Union (pre-Brexit) and the Council of Europe. Its legal system provides robust legal procedures for extradition and emphasizes judicial oversight.

3. Canada

Canada maintains many extradition treaties, which support the enforcement of global law enforcement and collaboration. When extradition requests are made to Canada, a thorough review process is undertaken under each official extradition treaty, which ensures fairness and adherence to international standards.

4. Australia

Australia is active in international extradition, maintaining extensive extradition treaties with many countries. Its extradition process is supported by a legal system that ensures detailed judicial reviews and protections for those facing extradition. In cases involving countries without extradition agreements, Australia carefully assesses the legal consequences to uphold its standards and human rights commitments.

5. Germany

Germany’s extensive network of extradition treaties reflects its commitment to international legal cooperation. Its legal system includes strong procedural safeguards and human rights considerations, ensuring a fair extradition process. However, for those in non-extradition countries, the role of law enforcement agencies and diplomatic relations can still influence the extradition process and international legal dynamics.

6. Netherlands

The Netherlands is a critical player in international extradition, with agreements covering numerous countries. It is known for its adherence to international legal standards and human rights protections in the extradition process.

7. France

France has a comprehensive network of extradition treaties with many countries. Its legal system supports international cooperation and has mechanisms for handling extradition requests, focusing on human rights and judicial fairness. For individuals in non-extradition countries, the effectiveness of law enforcement agencies and diplomatic relations can still impact the extradition process and international legal interactions.

8. Sweden

Sweden maintains extensive extradition treaties with various countries and is known for its rigorous extradition processes. Its legal system emphasizes fairness and human rights when handling extradition requests, which contributes to its strong reputation in global law enforcement. In cases involving countries without extradition agreements, Sweden carefully evaluates the legal consequences to ensure decisions align with its principles of justice and human rights.

If you’re planning to move to a non-extradition country, you might want to consider a residency or citizenship by investment program. These programs often expedite the process of becoming a resident or citizen, which brings with it additional rights and protections. The only catch is it comes at a monetary cost.

9 Countries With No Extradition Treaty With the US

The United States is often at the center of discussions about non-extradition countries because of its broad extradition treaties and strict enforcement of laws against crimes like financial fraud and tax evasion.

With laws like FATCA and high-profile cases, some individuals look for countries without extradition agreements to avoid legal accountability.

Therefore, for individuals looking to avoid extradition to the United States through securing residency in countries with extradition to the US in 2025, the following are countries without extradition:

1. Brunei

A small sovereign state on the island of Borneo, Brunei does not have an extradition agreement with the US. This Southeast Asian nation offers a peaceful environment known for its rich cultural heritage and beautiful landscapes.

2. Russia

Russia and its neighbor China are significant global powers and widely recognized countries that do not have an extradition agreement with the US. These countries have complex legal systems and strict control over extradition processes, making it challenging for the US government to secure the transfer of individuals wanted for legal proceedings.

3. Gulf States

Several Gulf States, including the UAE, Qatar, and Bahrain, do not have a bilateral extradition treaty with the United States. These countries offer a luxurious lifestyle, modern infrastructure, and opportunities for business and investment. However, it is important to note that political considerations and diplomatic negotiations can influence extradition verdicts in the Gulf States.

4. Montenegro

Montenegro, a picturesque Balkan country, has no extradition agreement with the United States. Known for its stunning coastline along the Adriatic Sea, Montenegro offers a blend of historical charm and natural beauty, making it an attractive destination for those seeking refuge.

5. Ukraine and Moldova

Neither Ukraine nor Moldova, Eastern European countries, have extradition treaties with the United States. These nations provide a mix of diverse cultures, rich histories, and scenic landscapes. However, it is essential to consider the political situation and regional dynamics when contemplating these destinations. The support the Ukrainian government currently receives from the US government may affect extradition treaties and policies.

6. Vietnam

Vietnam and other countries like Cambodia and Mongolia are Southeast Asian nations without extradition treaties with the US. Vietnam offers a captivating blend of bustling cities and serene landscapes, while Cambodia boasts ancient temples and a unique cultural experience. Mongolia, known for its vast steppes and nomadic traditions, offers a peaceful and remote escape from legal complications.

7. Maldives, Vanuatu, Tunisia

The Maldives, Vanuatu, and Tunisia are diverse countries without treaties with the United States. The Maldives is renowned for its idyllic beaches and luxury resorts, while Tunisia, located in North Africa, offers a mix of historical sites, vibrant culture, and Mediterranean charm. Participation in the Vanuatu citizenship by investment program is open to US citizens, and it’s worth noting that Vanuatu maintains no extradition treaty with the United States.

8. Ecuador

Ecuador and its neighbor Venezuela are the only South American countries with no extradition treaty with the US. While Venezuela is amid an economic and political crisis, Ecuador maintains relative stability and has many visa options for obtaining a residence permit.

9. Ethiopia

Ethiopia and other countries like Botswana and Uganda are African countries that do not have extradition treaties with the United States. These are also some of the few countries with no extradition treaty with the US that speak English.

Please note that the absence of an extradition treaty does not guarantee absolute immunity from extradition demands, as political variables and diplomatic discussions can influence extradition decisions. Additionally, it is crucial to understand these countries’ local legal systems and cultural norms when considering them as potential safe havens.

Countries With and Without Extradition Treaties With Others

Importance of Extradition in International Law

As nations cooperate to apprehend criminals, extradition fosters international cooperation, guarantees accountability for transnational crimes, and fortifies relations between nations.

Additionally, by guaranteeing that the accused are given a fair trial and that their legal rights are respected, extradition safeguards human rights.

However, when nations differ on the circumstances of extradition, political problems may arise. To guarantee impartiality in these situations, a standardized framework is established by the European Convention on Extradition.

In this regard, extradition procedures between European nations have been streamlined and expedited via the European Arrest Warrant (EAW). It shortens the time from years to weeks or even days and expedites extradition procedures.

This streamlined approach highlights how important international cooperation is to maintaining justice and security.

Even while the European Arrest Warrant (EAW) is typically a useful instrument for enabling extradition within Europe, there are some circumstances in which it may stop working.

Why Do Some Countries Not Honor Extradition Treaties?

Non-extradition countries can sometimes become havens for those seeking to avoid legal consequences in their home countries. However, residing in a non-extradition country does not guarantee complete immunity from prosecution, as local laws may still apply, and international diplomatic pressures can influence decisions.

Additionally, some countries without formal treaties may still cooperate on a case-by-case basis through diplomatic channels. Non-extradition treaties, while providing a certain degree of protection, may not be foolproof. It is essential to understand that:

• Non-extradition treaties are not consistently recognized or honored by foreign governments, making them potentially unreliable as a complete safeguard against extradition.
• The recognition and enforcement of non-extradition treaties depend on the political relationship and diplomatic ties between the countries involved.
• Some governments may overlook or violate these agreements under certain circumstances, such as political pressure, national security concerns, or significant diplomatic events.

It is crucial for individuals considering non-extradition countries to thoroughly research the specific country’s track record in honoring these non-extradition treaties and consult legal professionals for a comprehensive understanding of the risks involved.

Relying solely on countries with no extradition treaties can be risky, and additional measures should be taken to ensure personal safety and avoid legal complications, such as maintaining a low profile, abiding by laws, and seeking advice from experts in international legislation.

Difference Between Countries Having No Extradition Treaty and Not Extraditing

Understanding the difference between countries without an extradition treaty and those that choose not to extradite is crucial:

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Frequently Asked Questions about Without Non-Extradition Countries

Which countries can you not be extradited from?

Some countries without extradition treaties include Russia, China, Brunei, Montenegro, Ukraine, Moldova, Vietnam, Cambodia, Mongolia, Qatar, Bahrain, Ethiopia, Botswana, and Uganda.

Why do some countries have no official extradition treaty?

Governments may choose not to have extradition treaties for various reasons, including concerns about the fairness of the legal system of the country, political considerations, protection of their own citizens, or disagreement with the death penalty.

Are there any countries that offer a Golden Visa program and have no extradition treaty?

It is quite rare for countries with Golden Visa programs to also offer non-extradition treaties.

Germany doesn’t extradite its citizens but doesn’t offer a Golden Visa. However, they do have the opportunity to become a resident through establishing and running a successful business in the country. This will ultimately lead to citizenship.

What is the safest country if you want to prevent extradition?

Some countries where you may have a lower risk of extradition include Russia, China, Brunei, Montenegro, Ukraine, Moldova, Vietnam, Cambodia, Mongolia, the UAE, Qatar, Bahrain, Ethiopia, Botswana, and Uganda.

What is the best country if you want to prevent extradition?

The UAE is considered one of the best countries to prevent extradition due to its robust legal system, stringent privacy laws, and the absence of existing extradition treaties with certain countries, such as the US. The UAE has a reputation for upholding the rule of law and ensuring a fair judicial process.

Does Belize extradite to the US?

Yes, Belize has an extradition treaty with the United States. People can be extradited from Belize to the United States if the US government requests it as long as the request meets the requirements outlined in the treaty and Belizean law.

Does Dubai extradite to the US?

Yes, Dubai, as part of the UAE, has extradition treaties with several countries, including the United States.

Does Switzerland extradite to the US?

Yes, Switzerland has extradition treaties with numerous countries, including the United States.

The Swiss government can extradite people to face criminal charges if requested by the US government provided the extradition request meets the legal and treaty requirements of Switzerland.

What countries have no extradition to UK?

The UK does not have formal extradition treaties with countries like North Korea, Somalia, Afghanistan, Lebanon, Syria, Algeria, Libya, and Iraq.

Can you obtain citizenship in a non-extradition country?

Yes, you can obtain citizenship in a variety of ways in non-extradition countries like Germany, France and Austria.

Are non-extradition countries safe for foreigners?

Non-extradition countries are not inherently safe for foreigners. A lack of extradition treaties can offer some protection against facing charges in another country, it doesn’t guarantee a lack of legal issue or safety.

Which countries don't extradite to the United States?

The United States does not have an extradition treaty with the Gulf Cooperation States, most African and former Soviet States, Iran, Indonesia, Russia, Taiwan, Mongolia, China, Ukraine, Vietnam and more.

Are there European countries with no extradition treaty with the US?

Ukraine and Moldova are two Eastern European countries with no extradition treaty with the United States.

Which Caribbean countries have no extradition treaties?

Cuba and Nicaragua are two Caribbean countries that could be considered non-extradition. There are others that are not explicitly listed as such but there may be specific circumstances that impact extradition requests.

Is it possible to be deported from a non-extradition country?

Yes, it is possible to be deported from a non-extradition country because deportation is regulated by immigration laws and extradition is governed by international agreements.

How does diplomatic immunity differ from non-extradition policies?

Non-extradition policies prevent a state from surrendering its citizens to another state for the purpose of prosecution while diplomatic immunity protects diplomats from legal action in the host country.

What is the difference between non-extradition and asylum?

These terms are somewhat related but distinct in meaning. Asylum is a request for protection from persecution in a home country while non-extradition refers to a country’s refusal to hand over a person for prosecution.

How do tax havens overlap with non-extradition countries?

Some tax havens have legal systems that might make it difficult to extradite individuals facing charges in other jurisdictions.

Do countries with no extradition treaties still enforce international warrants?

Countries without extradition treaties can still enforce international warrants, relying on legal systems and international cooperation to address issues on a case by case basis.

Are there non-extradition countries that welcome dual citizenship?

Yes, countries like Brazil, Mexico and Switzerland can provide sanctuary and legal autonomy while also embracing dual citizenship.