18 Countries Where You Can Buy a Passport in 2024

You do not “buy a passport” because it is not a direct passport purchase. Instead, this phrase often refers to Citizenship by Investment (CBI) programs that offer making a significant financial investment in real estate, government bonds, or a national development fund in exchange for citizenship in a particular country.

Therefore, this investment can lead to legal citizenship, which comes with the security of a passport. But the process is not simply a purchase—it’s a formal investment program regulated by the government.

In this guide, we will take you through how to buy a passport, the different citizenship by investment programs worth investing in, and the advantages of gaining a new passport. This is more of what we will cover:

• Can you really buy citizenship?
• How much does it cost?
• Passport Comparison Table
• How to Buy a Passport
• Why buy a Caribbean or Oceania passport?
• Why buy an EU passport?
• Can you buy a U.S. passport?

Can you really buy citizenship?

Countries that offer citizenship through economic means don’t directly allow foreigners to buy citizenship but instead invest in the country’s economy through a range of investment choices in exchange for second citizenship and a new passport.

This process is known as ‘citizenship by investment’ or ‘economic citizenship’ and involves a detailed due diligence process. If you meet the eligibility criteria, you can get citizenship and a passport.

A number of countries in the Caribbean and Europe run citizenship by investment programs, allowing foreigners to invest in a country’s economy in exchange for citizenship. Also known as second passport by investment, these programs vary from country to country but usually include contributing to a national development fund, buying real estate, and making international business investments.

Many countries have adopted citizenship programs, from Antigua and Barbuda and Grenada in the Caribbean to Austria and Moldova in Europe. Malta also offers an expedited passport application process for citizenship by naturalization.

How much does it cost?

It is a common misconception that only high-net-worth individuals can buy a passport; In reality, it’s accessible to a broader range of people. In fact, buying a passport is simple, quick, and cost-effective when considering the benefits of a second passport. However, many countries worldwide run their own citizenship by investment programs, and as such, the cost of a passport varies from country to country.

The lowest cost to buy a second passport is $200,000 from Caribbean nations like Dominica and St Lucia. In contrast, EU citizenship by naturalization and a second passport in Malta costs at least €690,000.

Fees for buying a passport

These are some of the additional fees that may come with the citizenship by investment application process:

• Government fees: The government charges these to process the application and grant citizenship.
• Due diligence fees: Fees for background checks and security screenings to ensure the investor’s eligibility.
• Application Fees: Administrative costs associated with submitting the citizenship application.
• Legal and Agent Fees: Costs for legal services and authorized agents who assist with the application process.
• Real Estate Fees (if applicable): For programs involving property investment, additional fees may apply for property registration, taxes, or maintenance.

Passport Comparison Table

Citizenship by investment programs are a direct way to obtain a passport. Still, there are also residency by investment programs, also known as Golden Visas, which grant investors the ability to live and work in a country. While this is not a direct route to a passport, it is also a viable option that can lead to permanent residency, citizenship, and a passport once specific criteria are met. One key benefit of a Golden Visa is that it grants flexibility without the need to relocate immediately.

How to Buy a Passport

There are several steps you must take to get second citizenship:

STEP 1: Pick a citizenship by investment program. Think about what you want to get out of your second passport. Consider tax breaks, visa-free travel, timeline to citizenship, and costs to obtain citizenship and a passport.

STEP 2: Pass the eligibility criteria. Check that you fulfill the eligibility criteria, including being over 18, having a clean criminal record, not being from a prohibited country, and having the economic means to meet the minimum investment requirements.

STEP 3: Make your qualifying investment. Review the investment requirements of your chosen citizenship program and ensure you make your investment according to its specifications.

STEP 4: Submit your citizenship application along with the supporting documents, which may include proof of funds, a clean criminal record, a passport copy, a medical certificate, and proof of investment. After submission, you can track your application status. Remember to pay the necessary application fees.

STEP 5: Secure a new passport for yourself and your family. Once you’ve successfully applied for citizenship, submit a passport application to secure a second passport.

Why buy a Caribbean or Oceania passport?

Second citizenship with a Caribbean or Oceania passport offers personal and financial security. If you’re running a business, a Caribbean passport can help you manage your corporate assets, protect your finances, as well as offer numerous tax exemptions that wouldn’t be possible otherwise.

Additionally, several citizenship programs have no residency requirements or the requirement to visit the country to complete the passport application process, meaning your citizenship application can be completed remotely without having to step foot in the country.

Buy a real passport online with citizenship by investment and get:

• Visa-free travel to over 140 destinations worldwide
• Freedom to own a second home in paradise
• Economic advantages through tax concessions
• Dual citizenship that can be passed down to future generations

Grenada

A passport issued through the Grenada citizenship by investment program gives passport holders access to over 140 countries, including Europe’s Schengen Area, the UK, Russia, and China. It also allows citizens to apply for the US E-2 Visa. Grenada’s citizenship by investment program delivers passports in four to nine months, and the entire family is eligible.

Dominica

Dominica has one of the cheapest passports by investment programs and offers the most affordable passport for a single applicant. Those who invest in the Dominica citizenship by investment program can obtain a Dominica passport by investing $200,000 in the country’s Economic Diversification Fund (EDF), with processing fees of $10,000.

Antigua and Barbuda

Through Antigua and Barbuda’s CBI program, a foreign investor and their family of five can acquire second passports, with the added benefit of sending one family member to the University of the West Indies for a year with waived tuition fees.

St. Kitts and Nevis

Besides staking claim to the oldest CBI program in the world, St. Kitts and Nevis is also home to the Caribbean’s most powerful passport. St. Kitts and Nevis’ citizenship by investment program requires a minimum investment of just $250,000 in the Sustainable Island State Contribution (SISC). Foreign nationals can gain a passport in 12 months, providing visa-free travel to 153 countries worldwide.

St. Lucia

While most Caribbean citizenship programs revolve around investments in real estate or non-refundable state contributions, St. Lucia’s citizenship by investment program provides the option of a straightforward capital transfer into government bonds, which is refundable after five years. A new St. Lucia passport through refundable government bonds costs just $240,000.

Vanuatu (Oceania)

Vanuatu’s citizenship by investment program is highly regarded for its citizenship and passport agency, which processes passport applications within 60 days. After making the required investment of $130,000 in the country’s development fund and passing due diligence checks, new passports are issued quickly.

Why buy an EU passport?

Europe’s level of protection and comfort is unparalleled. The region has become the premium choice for many seeking alternative citizenship or residence. According to our Global Passport Index, buying citizenship in the European Union provides travel freedom.

Buy EU citizenship and get:

• The right to work, live, study, and conduct business anywhere in the EU and the Schengen Area
• Visa-free travel to over 170 destinations globally
• Access to the EU trading bloc
• Access to quality healthcare, schooling, and work opportunities

Malta

It’s important to emphasize that Malta’s citizenship by investment program does not provide a direct pathway to Maltese citizenship and an EU passport. The Malta Citizenship by Naturalization for Exceptional Services by Direct Investment program (CES) is the fastest route to obtain an EU passport by naturalization, with foreigners able to get passports within 12 to 36 months starting from an investment of €690,000.

Turkey

While many CBI countries impose specific criteria on real estate investments for citizenship eligibility, Turkey’s CBI program offers a distinct advantage by allowing investors to choose real estate without restrictions or pre-approval requirements. An investment of $400,000 can grant a second passport in four months, and investors have numerous alternative investment options.

Portugal

Portugal’s Golden Visa program allows investors to gain residency through investment. The minimum investment starts at €250,000 in research and cultural contributions. After five years of legal residence, the program leads to citizenship.

Greece

Greece’s Golden Visa program requires a minimum investment of €250,000 in real estate. This program also grants access to the Schengen Area, and after seven years of residency, investors can apply for citizenship.​

​Spain

Spain continues to offer a Golden Visa program requiring a minimum real estate investment of €500,000. The Spanish program is popular due to its stability and the ability to reside in Spain without a minimum stay requirement. After ten years of residency, individuals can apply for Spanish citizenship.​

Latvia

Latvia offers one of Europe’s most affordable Golden Visa programs, with a minimum investment starting at just €50,000. There is also a real estate option with an investment requirement of €250,000. The program provides access to the Schengen Area, and Latvia has one of the highest rental yields in Europe, making it an attractive option for investors​ with citizenship possible after five years of residency. 

Serbia

Serbia’s residency by investment program allows individuals to acquire residency by investing in real estate. There is no investment requirement, but investors must purchase apartments, houses, or commercial properties. Citizenship is possible after six years of residency.  

Cyprus

Cyprus offers a residency by investment program with a minimum real estate investment requirement of  €300,000. It provides easy access to Europe and the Middle East, making it a popular choice for those looking for residency in a Mediterranean location. 

Hungary

The Hungarian Golden Visa Program, officially known as the Guest Investor Program (GIP), was reintroduced on July 1, 2024. A qualifying investment of only €250,000 in a state-approved real estate investment fund is required, and after five years, applicants can apply for citizenship. 

Can you buy a U.S passport?

You cannot legally “buy” a US passport outright, as the United States has no citizenship by investment program like some other countries. Instead, U.S. citizenship, which is required to obtain a U.S. passport, is only available through specific routes: birthright citizenship, naturalization, or citizenship through parents.

Naturalization is possible for those with lawful permanent residency (a green card) for five years or three years if married to a U.S. citizen and who meet residency, language, and civics requirements.

There are some investment options, like the EB-5 visa, which can lead to a green card and potentially citizenship after meeting the requirements, but this process is lengthy and requires an investment. The U.S. focuses on investments that create jobs and support economic development. Even through investment, there is no fast-tracked path to a U.S. passport, as the full naturalization process still applies.

How Can Global Citizen Solutions Help You?

Global Citizen Solutions is a boutique migration consultancy firm with years of experience delivering bespoke residence and citizenship by investment solutions for international families. With offices worldwide and an experienced, hands-on team, we have helped hundreds of clients worldwide acquire citizenship, residence visas, or homes while diversifying their portfolios with robust investments.

We guide you from start to finish, taking you beyond your citizenship or residency by investment application.

Frequently Asked Questions about Buying a Passport

How much is it to purchase a passport?

Buying a passport, more accurately referred to as investing in an economic citizenship program, starts from an investment of $100,000 up to €2million, depending on which country’s citizenship by investment program you choose.

How to buy a second passport?

Buying a plan b passport is relatively straightforward in Caribbean CBI countries and others like Vanuatu and Turkey. Once you’ve selected the citizenship program that suits your personal and financial needs, ensure you are eligible to apply.

After making your qualifying investment and submitting your citizenship application with the required documents for due diligence, you can expect to receive a second passport within two to six months.

How to purchase a passport legally?

For buying a passport legally, you must invest in a citizenship by investment program with a legitimate funding source and complete the application requirements set forth by the respective country.

This usually includes passing a detailed criminal background check, not being a citizen of a prohibited country, being in good health, and presenting bank statements showing your financial activity.

Is buying a passport in Malta a good idea?

Malta’s citizenship program grants citizenship through naturalization to non-EU-EEA nationals who make significant contributions to the Maltese economy. This involves three investments totaling at least €690,000, and citizenship can be acquired within 12 to 36 months. A Maltese passport offers safety, security, EU citizenship, freedom of movement, and visa-free access to over 170 countries.

Is buying a passport in Portugal a good idea?

Obtaining a Portuguese passport is a good idea; however, the only route is through citizenship by naturalization. Investors of the Portugal Golden Visa can get a passport after renewing their two-year Golden Visa and completing five years of residency. The requirements also include an understanding of the Portuguese language and a minimum stay period.

Which Caribbean countries allow you to buy a passport?

Caribbean countries that allow you to obtain citizenship through investment, often referred to as “buying a passport,” include:

1. St. Kitts and Nevis
2. Antigua and Barbuda
3. Dominica
4. Grenada
5. Saint Lucia

Is it possible to buy a passport without residency requirements?

Yes, it is possible to obtain a passport through Citizenship by Investment (CBI) programs without residency requirements. Many countries, like St. Kitts and Nevis and Antigua and Barbuda, grant citizenship directly after making the required investment, without the need to live in the country beforehand or afterward.

Can I buy a passport with real estate investment?

Yes, some countries allow you to obtain citizenship by making a real estate investment. For example, Cyprus, Hungary, and Latvia offer residency through real estate investment that can lead to citizenship, while countries like Turkey, Antigua and Barbuda, and St. Kitts and Nevis offer direct citizenship through real estate investment.