Expats in Spain: A Complete Guide by Experts 2024

Becoming an expat in Spain is one of the top choices for those within and outside the EU. As the rules and regulations have changed in recent years, it’s important to understand how Spanish residency works and the types of visas available.

Expats living in Spain come from across the globe. From Britain to the US, there are visa options for everyone. Whether you want to retire, study, gain employment, or invest in real estate, Spain expats come from all walks of life.

In this article you’ll learn about:

• What makes Spain so popular for expats
• The types of visas for expats in Spain
• The cost of living in Spain vs other countries, and much more

Why Spain is a Top Destination for Expats

Quality of life

The quality of life in Spain is one of the top reasons expats choose to live there. From safety and social connections to a rich cultural heritage and work life balance, Spain offers something for every expat.

Cost of living

When compared with other European countries, Spain offers a relatively affordable cost of living. Like every other country, the cost of living in Spain is dependent on the area you choose to live.

Popular cities like Madrid and Barcelona will cost more than less populated areas. However, the overall cost of living for food, activities, and healthcare are reasonably priced when looking at other European countries.

Climate

Spain’s diverse climate is a significant draw for expats, offering a range of weather conditions to suit different preferences.

• Mediterranean coast: Cities like Barcelona and Málaga enjoy hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters, ideal for year-round outdoor living.
• Central Spain: Madrid experiences a continental climate with hot summers and cold winters, offering clear, crisp days in winter.
• The northern regions: Areas such as Galicia and the Basque Country have a cooler, oceanic climate with mild summers and consistent rainfall, creating lush landscapes.
• Southeast Spain: Here, Spain’s weather offers a semi-arid climate with extremely hot summers and minimal rainfall in areas like Almería.
• Canary Islands: Beach fun awaits in the Canary Islands with subtropical spring-like conditions all year round.

Overall, Spain’s varied climate provides options for expats looking for everything from sunny beaches to cool, rolling green hills. Whether expats in Spain are seeking all day beach fun or winter wonderland conditions ideal for winter sports, Spain truly offers options for everyone.

Cultural richness

For expats in Spain, the cultural richness is one of the best parts of making the move to the country. Spain is steeped in culture and history that make it the ideal home base for those who want to learn more about the Spain way of life. From ancient ruins and historic landmarks to time-honored traditions and mouthwatering cuisine, the cultural heritage of Spain can be felt in every area.

How to Move to Spain as an Expat

The Best Spanish Visas for Expats

Employment Visa

Employment visas in Spain are some of the most popular for those looking to immigrate with their family. For expats working in Spain, work authorization, a valid passport, clear criminal record, and a work contract from a Spain employer are some of the requirements. Spain employment visas are generally valid for as long as the contract is in place requiring renewal annually. However, seasonal work visas in Spain fall under a different category and have different requirements.

Spain Golden Visa

Launched in 2013, the Spain Golden Visa program is an investor visa that allows foreign investors to obtain Spanish residency.  The main modes of acquiring the Spanish Golden Visa include investing in Spanish businesses, buying real estate, investing in government bonds, or creating employment opportunities. Expats on this visa may be able to obtain Spanish citizenship and a Spanish passport after ten years.

Spain Digital Nomad Visa

Starting in 2023, the Spain Digital Nomad Visa offers non-EU/EEA remote workers to live in Spain. If approved, foreigners can gain temporary residency rights in Spain for one year.

Non-lucrative Visa

The Spain Non-lucrative Visa is specifically for those that want to live in Spain without making any profit and have the funds to live in the country unsupported. It is ideal for those that want to retire in Spain.

Visa and Residency Requirements for Expats in Spain

There are various visa and residency requirements for expats in Spain. It comes down to the type of Spanish Visa you require. Generally, Spain expats need to meet the following:

• Hold a valid passport.
• Have a clean criminal record.
• A work contract, proof of funds, or evidence of investment
• Private health insurance and an official health certificate
• Completed application form for the type of Spain Visa you require.

For more in-depth requirements for Spain Visa and residency requirements, contact one of the Global Citizen Solutions Spain immigration experts.

Process for obtaining Spain residency

The process for obtaining Spanish residency is different depending on the type of visa you want and where you are applying from. Generally, the Spanish visa process is as follows:

• Research: Do as much research as possible on the types of Spain visa and which one is best suited for your needs.
• Fill in the appropriate forms: Each Spain visa has its own set of requirements and forms, ensure that you meet these before processing the application.
• Gather relevant documents: Gather all relevant documents, including your passport, criminal record checks, proof of insurance, work contract, etc.
• Process the application: Send the application to the Spanish consulate in your country of residence or directly to the local Foreigner’s Office (Oficina de Extranjeros) or a police station that manages foreigner affairs in Spain.
• Attend appointments: At this stage in the visa application process, you may be required to travel to Spain for a biometrics and photograph appointment.
• Await approval: Once your application is approved, you will be notified about the outcome. You may now live, work, and travel in Spain depending on the visa you applied for. Just be sure to keep an eye on the requirements to ensure you remain within the legal restrictions of your visa and apply for an extension by the required date, if necessary.

Finding Accommodation in Spain

The Spanish property market is a hot commodity due to the number of expats moving abroad and the increase in real estate investment in Spain. If you’re considering popular cities for expats, including Barcelona, Madrid, Valencia, Costa del Sol etc. you need the right advice to find the ideal accommodation type for your needs.

For example, expats in Spain that want to live and work full time in the country may benefit from buying a property over renting as the requirements for renting in Spain are quite extensive for expats. So, unless you are on a Spain Employment Visa, you may struggle with renting. The same goes for those on a Non-lucrative Visa. Renting may not be an option if you don’t have a steady stream of income.

It is always best to speak with an expert on the Spanish property market to ensure you look for and find an appropriate accommodation option.

Tips for Renting or Buying Property in Spain

There are a few things to consider when looking into renting or buying a property in Spain, including: 

• Understanding the Spain property market: You need a grasp on how the real estate market in Spain works before making your decision. Looking at how the various regions of Spain vary in price, accommodation types, and whether they fit within your needs and budget.  
• Legal advice: Whether you are renting or buying a property in Spain, you need to understand the contracts you are signing. Remember, all countries differ in the requirements and legal jargon used, and you need to have a complete understanding before making a big decision.  
• Property tax and fees: This is more for buying property in Spain. Look at how the property taxes and fees apply to the property you are intending to buy. You don’t want to be caught off guard with levies, so a full understanding is vital here.  
• Financing options: Rental properties in Spain will always require proof of income as evidence that you can afford to rent the property. Whereas when buying a house in Spain there may be financing options available, depending on the type of Spanish Visa you acquire. If you’ve been in the country for longer than ten years or have Spanish citizenship, you have many more financial options available to you.  
• Consider the financial implications: Buying a property in Spain is a big investment, but it may be a very wise investment opportunity. For those that only plan on being in the country for part of the year, buying a property may allow you to receive rental income from the property when you’re traveling or living elsewhere for part of the year.  

Life in Spain for Expats

Spain living costs

The cost of living in Spain varies depending on the region you want to live in. Here are a few real-world examples to help you understand the cost of living compared to three popular cities, Madrid, New York, and London.

Healthcare in Spain

The Spanish public healthcare system is fantastic. The level of service, along with the low cost, makes Spain one of the top choices for expats in Europe. The Spanish healthcare system is accessible to all foreign residents and Spanish citizens, making Spain a top option for retired European nationals looking to immigrate.

Expats that want access to the top tier internationally recognized healthcare have the option of private health insurance. Here, you can have access to private medical care at a reduced cost to other European countries.

Additionally, the cost of private health insurance in Spain is much lower than other European countries, with some plans available for between $110-$210 per month.

Overall, the Spanish healthcare system is regarded as one of the best in Europe. Whether you want private healthcare insurance is a private choice, but overall, the Spanish public healthcare system has a great track record for locals and expats.

Education

For families, immigrating to Spain can be an exciting time for everyone. The change of surroundings, new experiences, and the dream of outdoor activities for the whole family are just some reasons living in Spain is so appealing.

Luckily, for expats looking to live in Spain with their spouse and children, the education system in Spain offers a well-balanced education. If you’re moving from the UK or US, looking into an international school for your children may help them adjust easier. There are a range of fantastic international schools in Spain that offer world class education for children of all ages.

Additionally, Spain places a high value on children’s wellbeing. There are various educational programs, recreational and family-friendly activities that are focused on not only furthering children’s well-being but bringing the family together in harnessing the true Spain way of life.

Families can enjoy learning about the history and culture of Spain through experiencing it firsthand and getting to know the people of Spain who are known internationally for being friendly and helpful to all foreigners and locals alike. If you put the effort in to understand the culture, there will always be a helping hand nearby to show you the way.

Integrating Into the Spanish Life

Learning Spanish

One of the main ways you can integrate into the Spanish community is to learn the local language. In major cities, many residents of Spain speak English, but this is not the case everywhere in the country.

Learning to speak Spanish can be a fantastic way to show you are genuinely trying to integrate into your new home country as a foreign national. Putting in the effort usually generates a much more helpful rapport with locals, and they may be much more willing to assist and provide advice.

Spain expats should always try their best to learn Spanish where they can and at least know the basics to get around. Additionally, it comes in handy when making new friends and becoming part of your local community. You can integrate much more quickly if you understand the basics of Spanish.

Some options for dealing with language barriers for expats in Spain include:

• Using language apps
• Listening to Spanish podcasts, videos, and music
• Translation services (very helpful when dealing with applications and official documents).
• Working among locals that speak Spanish

Social Life

Expat communities and networks in Spain are vibrant, diverse, and offer a strong support system for those making the country their new home. From bustling cities like Madrid and Barcelona to the sun-soaked coasts of the Costa del Sol, expat groups provide a sense of belonging and a wealth of practical advice.

Building a social network in Spain is crucial not only for emotional support but also for navigating the challenges of living in a new culture, learning the language, and integrating into local life. These networks often become lifelines, offering opportunities for socializing, professional connections, and shared experiences.

About 15% of the population in Spain are born in a foreign country. That’s about 7.5 million people, out of which a further 5.1 million are born outside Europe. Trust us, you are not the first and you certainly won’t be the last expat in Spain. It’s important to remember that you have others in the same boat that are always willing to lend a helping hand.

Challenges Faced by Expats in Spain

Foreigners living in Spain will face challenges. As exciting as immigrating is, there are a few things to note to make adjusting to the Spain way of life easier. Expats in Spain problems often include:

• Language Barriers: Navigating daily life can be tough without Spanish proficiency, making it harder to connect with locals and handle official tasks.
• Bureaucracy: Dealing with Spain’s complex paperwork for residency, healthcare, and other services can be overwhelming.
• Cultural Differences: Adjusting to Spain’s unique social norms and a slower pace of life, especially in smaller towns, can be challenging.
• Financial Adjustments: Managing costs, understanding tax obligations, and dealing with exchange rates can impact on your budget.
• Social Integration: Building a local network and overcoming initial feelings of isolation may take time and effort.
• Housing Issues: Finding and securing housing can be complicated, with different rental laws and property ownership practices to navigate.

While these are all important things to consider before making the big move, there are ways to navigate them. Finding a Spain immigration specialist can make things a lot easier as they can provide case specific advice to help you adjust to life in Spain more quickly.

Specific Considerations for US Expats in Spain

Taxation for foreigners in Spain

Spain and the US have a double taxation treaty (DTT). This treaty prevents you from being taxed from both countries. US expats in Spain must remain aware of their tax responsibilities.

While the double taxation can help protect your financial wellbeing, it is up to all US expats living in Spain to remain up to date on the regulations. Consulting with an international tax specialist would be best to ensure you are well taken care of on the financial front.

Voting and Legal Rights

US expats living in Spain have the right to participate in US elections as a US voter. This right applies to all US citizens, regardless of whether you’ve previously registered to vote, cast a ballot before, or how long you’ve been living outside the US. As an overseas voter, you’re eligible to vote in federal elections, including those for the President, US Senate, and US House of Representatives.

Specific Considerations for British Expats in Spain

Post-Brexit changes

Working rights

Note, as a result of Brexit in 2020, the UK is no longer part of the EEA. This means those in the UK need to apply for a work visa if they want to live and work in Spain. This also goes for all foreign nationals that are not from other EU countries.

However, if you became a resident of Spain through the Spanish Border Services before Brexit, you may fall under the withdrawal agreement, excluding you from the new changes in regulation. But it’s important to understand where you fall within the new scheme for UK expats.

Healthcare Access

For British expats in Spain that applied for residency after Brexit, it is vital to obtain private healthcare insurance to ensure coverage while living in Spain. UK nationals do not automatically have access to the Spanish healthcare system as they did before Brexit.

How Can Global Citizen Solutions Help You?

Global Citizen Solutions is a boutique investment migration consultancy firm focused on finding the right residency or citizenship by investment program for individuals wishing to secure their future and become global citizens. With offices in Portugal, the United Kingdom, Hong Kong, and Brazil, our multilingual team guides individuals and families from start to finish, providing expert advice considering freedom, mobility, taxation, and security.

• We have helped hundreds of clients from 35+ countries in all the top residency by investment and citizenship by investment programs. With an in-depth and comprehensive understanding of the area, we provide our clients with solid guidance. 
• Our team has never had a case rejected. Our 100 percent approval rate sets us apart from our competitors and guarantees that you can expect a successful application.
• Our transparent pricing covers all the processes from opening your bank account, document certification, and legal due diligence to investment and submission. As there is one fee for the entire process, you can be confident that you will not face any hidden costs later.
• All data is stored within a GDPR-compliant database on a secure SSL-encrypted server. You can be safe knowing that your personal data is treated with the utmost security.
• Global Citizen Solutions provides an all-encompassing solution. Our support can continue even after you receive your passport. We offer additional services such as company incorporation, Trusts, and Foundations formation.
• The BeGlobal Onboarding System® allows you to access the status of your application every step of the way, something that sets us apart from our competitors.

Frequently Asked Questions About Expats in Spain

Where in Spain do most expats live?

Some of the most popular cities for expats living in Spain include Madrid, Barcelona, Valencia, Costa del Sol, and Seville. Depending on why you’re moving to Spain, you may want the hustle and bustle of the city, the relaxed atmosphere of the coast, or a cultural adventure with Mediterranean conditions.

Is Spain friendly to expats?

Spain offers a very welcoming environment for foreign nationals looking to set up a life in the country. From its welcoming people, fantastic infrastructure, international schools, and range of visa options, many expats in Spain have found the transition smooth. 

What are the rules for expats in Spain?

There are various rules and regulations for expats in Spain, depending on your home country. EU, EAA, and Swiss citizens staying longer than 90 days need to obtain a residence permit. While those from other countries must apply for the appropriate visa. There are also tax implications, voting rules, and healthcare system requirements. 

Are American expats welcome in Spain?

Absolutely, US expats are very welcome in Spain. In fact, the Spanish and US governments have various treaties that could aid you financially along the way. 

How many expats in Spain are from Britain?

As of 2023, there were just over 284,000 British foreign residents in Spain.

What are the common problems faced by expats living in Spain?

Common issues for expats living in Spain include language barriers, cultural differences, financial adjustments, and social integration.

How do expats in Spain deal with language barriers?

The number one thing expats living in Spain can do to integrate more quickly into Spanish culture is to learn the language. Popular options for learning Spanish for expats are language courses, getting to know locals, and integrating into everyday life to learn the language nuances.