The opportunity to invest in Greece gives you access to one of Europe’s most promising economies. While Greece is well-known for its tourism industry, the country is also developing in a lot of growth in other sectors, including real estate, technology, and agriculture. The Greek Government has also supported foreign direct investments through programs like the Greece Golden Visa, making it easier for non-EU nationals to gain residency by investing in the country’s economy. Investors can also rely on Greece’s stable economic environment, a skilled workforce, and access to EU markets.
This article will give you an idea of how to start the process of investing in Greece. It will explore the top sectors to invest in, financing options available, the benefits of investing in Greece, and taxes to be aware of.
This is what we will cover:
Six Best Sectors to Invest in Greece
Investing in Greece can bring good profits and valuable benefits, with many opportunities for those who understand the market well and plan carefully. These are some of the best investment sectors to look into:
1. Tourism
Greece is one of the best travel destinations, with islands like Santorini, Mykonos, and Crete attracting millions of visitors yearly. In 2024, the country welcomed around 36 million inbound tourists, reflecting a 9.8% increase from the 32.7 million in 2023.
The tourism sector in Greece gives investors the option to invest in luxury resorts, eco-tourism, short-term rentals, and more. Any investors interested in the growing Greek market will have the opportunity to reduce financial risk and improve long-term prospects, as the Greek government also offers incentives to keep costs lower and increase profits for investors. Some of these incentives include tax exemptions on profits from tourism activities, cash grants that cover a percentage of eligible project expenses, and fast-track licensing procedures to minimize delays.
2. Real estate
The Greek real estate market has grown substantially, which is driven by both domestic demand and foreign investment. The Greece Golden Visa program, which offers residency to non-EU investors who buy property worth at least €250,000, has been a key driver of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the sector. This program provides four investment tiers for the Greece Golden Visa properties, offering flexibility for different types of investors.
- Tier 1 Investment (€800,000): This type of investment targets high-demand areas like Athens, Thessaloniki, Mykonos, Santorini, and islands with populations over 3,100. The minimum property size is 120 square meters.
- Tier 2 Investment (€400,000): This type of investment focuses on emerging regions and offers a more affordable entry point. The minimum property size is 120 square meters.
- Tier 3 Investment (€250,000): Allows investment in properties converted from commercial to residential use, regardless of location or size, if the conversion is completed before applying.
- Tier 4 Investment (€250,000): Supports the restoration of historically or culturally significant properties, contributing to Greece’s heritage preservation.
Other investment options for the Greece Golden Visa include shares in Greek companies, government bonds, or a deposit in a Greek bank.
3. Renewable energy
Greece aims to generate 80% of its electricity from renewable sources by 2030, using its abundant sunshine and favorable wind conditions.
The country has established a fund in partnership with the European Commission and the European Investment Bank (EIB) to support the decarbonization of its islands, focusing on renewable energy projects such as solar farms, wind turbines, and biomass facilities.
Foreign investment has been rising in this sector, with European and international companies contributing to developing renewable energy infrastructure, which makes it an attractive sector for domestic and foreign investors.
4. Startup and Technology
Greece’s startup and technology sectors are experiencing impressive growth and drawing a lot of foreign direct investment (FDI). According to a report on the venture financing of startups in Greece in 2024-2025, over €555 million was invested in more than 90 Greek startups in 2024, which is a 15% increase from 2023, despite a 5% decline in European markets.
The major sectors attracting this investment include artificial intelligence, biotechnology, and health technologies. Additionally, in 2025, an investment option in Greek startups will be added to the Greece Golden Visa program.
This will be a new route for investors to gain residency while supporting the country’s growing tech ecosystem.
5. Agriculture
Greece’s agri-food sector is renowned for its high-quality products, including olive oil, wine, and feta cheese. As the global demand for organic Mediterranean foods grows, there are more opportunities in organic farming, wine and olive oil exports, and agri-tech.
Agri-tech involves using technology to improve farming practices, such as innovative irrigation systems, drones for crop monitoring, and sensors that manage water and soil.
These innovations help farmers increase productivity and use resources more sustainably. The Greek government also has tax breaks and subsidies for organic farming and agri-tech projects.
6. Logistics
Greece is strategically located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa, making it a center of international trade. Piraeus Port, one of the busiest ports in Europe, has been very active and has positioned Greece well in global shipping.
According to Portseurope, which focuses on ports and logistics in Europe, Piraeus handled 5.1 million TEUs (Twenty-foot Equivalent Units) in 2023, a 9% increase compared to the previous year.
Investors can choose from many investment opportunities in areas such as warehousing, distribution centers, supply chain technology, and marine logistics.
Why invest in Greece?
- Stable economy: Greece’s economy is growing. In 2025, the country’s GDP (Gross Domestic Product), which shows the total value of goods and services the country produces, is expected to reach $265.17 billion (nominal), which is the current value measured at current prices, and $453.41 billion (PPP), which adjusts GDP for differences in cost of living and inflation between countries.
- Strategic location: Greece is at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa, which makes it a great place for international trade and access to big markets.
- Golden Visa program: Greece’s Golden Visa program grants residency to non-EU investors purchasing property worth at least €250,000, which helps drive foreign investment, especially in real estate.
- Government support: The Greek government offers tax benefits, grants, and other support to help businesses grow and attract investment.
- Tourism growth: Greece’s tourism industry is strong and growing, offering opportunities in hotels, resorts, and other travel-related investments.
- Tax incentives: Greece offers a Non-Domicile (Non-Dom) tax regime, which lets foreign retirees and high-net-worth individuals pay a flat annual tax of €100,000 on their global income for up to 15 years, no matter how much they earn.
Financing Options to Help Invest in Greece
There are several investment opportunities in Greece across different sectors. But once you have found your field of interest, the next step is to finance your business venture. Here are some financing options to consider.
1. Bank Loans
Greek banks offer loans to international investors for real estate and business ventures. Investors may need to provide collateral, a solid business plan, and proof of income or assets. Interest rates range from 3% to 7%.
2. European Investment Bank (EIB) and EU Grants
The EIB and EU institutions provide financial support for projects in areas like renewable energy, technology, and infrastructure. Financing is available through grants, loans, and equity, targeting innovation and sustainable growth.
3. Private Equity and Venture Capital
Private equity and venture capital firms invest in high-growth sectors like technology and biotech. They offer funding in exchange for equity stakes and involvement in businesses, especially startups and emerging companies.
4. Government incentives and subsidies
The Greek government offers tax breaks, reduced VAT, and financial subsidies for investments in sectors like technology, energy, and manufacturing. Investors can also benefit from Greece’s Golden Visa program, which offers residency for qualifying investments.
5. Real Estate Financing
Foreign investors can secure property loans in Greece, with banks offering up to 60-70% loan-to-value ratios. Interest rates range from 2.5% to 4%, and mortgage terms last from 10 to 25 years.
6. Crowdfunding and Peer-to-Peer Lending
Crowdfunding platforms in Greece allow investors to fund specific ventures, often with lower entry financial requirements than traditional equity investments. Platforms like Phaistos and Crowdpolicy support small to medium-sized projects.
7. International development banks
The World Bank and IFC provide low-interest loans and grants for large-scale infrastructure, energy, and industrial projects. These financing options come with favorable terms to de-risk investments.
8. Joint Ventures and Partnerships
International investors can enter joint ventures with local Greek businesses to share financing and leverage local expertise. This is common in sectors like tourism, energy, and manufacturing.
Read our Greece Golden Visa Guide
Nine Steps to Invest in Greece
Investments in Greece require careful planning, including research, legal checks, and financial preparation. Key steps to making Greek investments successful include understanding the law, doing due diligence, securing financing, and following your investment plan.
This is an overview of which steps to take to invest in the country.
1. Conduct market research: Research the Greek economy, industries, and trends to identify the most promising investment sectors. Understand the demand, competition, and opportunities in the market.
2. Define your investment goals: Determine your investment objectives, whether it’s capital gains, income, or long-term growth. Consider your risk tolerance and investment horizon.
3. Consult local experts: Hire a lawyer to understand legal requirements and a financial advisor to plan your investment strategy. A real estate agent or business consultant can assist in property or business investments.
4. Explore investment incentives: Look for government programs like the Golden Visa or EU funding opportunities. Consider tax breaks and subsidies for certain sectors like renewable energy or technology.
5. Understand the financial requirements: Set a budget and research financing options, including bank loans or personal funds. Understand transaction costs and fees, such as taxes or legal expenses.
6. Due diligence: Vet investment opportunities by checking ownership, legal status, and market trends. Assess risks like economic changes or political instability that could impact your investment.
7. Finalize your investment: Complete legal documentation, including contracts and agreements. Ensure all filings, such as property deeds or company registrations, are done according to Greek regulations.
8. Monitor and manage your investment: Review your investment’s performance regularly and adjust your strategy as needed. Track asset values, business performance, or market changes.
9. Follow up on tax and reporting obligations: Be aware of Greece’s tax system and fulfill your tax filing obligations. Work with an accountant to ensure compliance and avoid penalties.
Taxes to be Aware of when Investing in Greece
Tax Type | Description | Percentage |
Income Tax | Tax on personal income, including wages, salaries, and other sources. | Progressive rates from 9% to 44% |
Rental Income Tax | Tax on income generated from property rental. | 15% - 45% depending on rental income bracket |
Corporate Income Tax | Tax on business profits. | 22% (for most businesses) |
Capital Gains Tax | Tax on profits from the sale of assets such as stocks, property, etc. | 15% (for property) |
Property Tax (ENFIA) | Annual property tax on real estate. | Rates vary from €0.003 to €0.013 per value of property (depending on location and size) |
Value Added Tax (VAT) | Tax on goods and services. | 6%, 13%, 24% (standard rate) |
Social Security Contributions | Employee and employer contributions to social security. | 16.5% (employee) + 24.5% (employer) |
Dividends Tax | Tax on dividends paid to shareholders. | 5% |
Inheritance Tax | Tax on inherited assets. | Progressive rates from 1% to 40% |
Transfer Tax (Real Estate) | Tax on the transfer of real property. | 3% - 10% (depending on property value) |
Stamp Duty | Tax on certain legal documents, contracts, and agreements. | 0.2% to 1% (depending on the transaction) |
Challenges and Considerations for Investing in Greece
Investing in Greece presents numerous opportunities, but it also comes with specific challenges that investors should consider, including:
- Bureaucracy and regulatory complexity: Dealing with bureaucracy in Greece can be slow and complicated. Investors might face delays and problems when trying to get permits and approvals, which can slow down their projects.
- Economic volatility: Although Greece has made significant strides in economic recovery, residual volatility and uncertainty remain. External economic shocks or internal fiscal issues could impact investment returns and economic stability.
- Property rights and legal issues: Securing clear property titles can be challenging due to historical land ownership disputes and unclear zoning regulations. This can complicate real estate transactions and increase legal risks.
- High Taxation and compliance costs: Greece has relatively high taxes on property and income, which can affect the profitability of investments. Additionally, the cost of compliance with local tax laws and regulations can be significant, particularly for foreign investors unfamiliar with the taxes in Greece.
- Infrastructure and service quality: While major urban centers like Athens have well-developed infrastructure, some regions may lack modern amenities and services. This can affect the attractiveness and viability of investments, especially in rural or underdeveloped areas.
How Can Global Citizen Solutions Help You?
Global Citizen Solutions is a boutique migration consultancy firm with years of experience delivering bespoke residence and citizenship by investment solutions for international families. With offices worldwide and an experienced, hands-on team, we have helped hundreds of clients worldwide acquire citizenship, residence visas, or homes while diversifying their portfolios with robust investments.
We guide you from start to finish, taking you beyond your citizenship or residency by investment application.
Frequently Asked Questions About Investing in Greece
What is the Greece Golden Visa program?
The Greece Golden Visa program grants a renewable permanent residence permit to non-EU citizens who invest at least €250,000 in Greek real estate. This permit allows investors and their family members to live in and visit Greece and travel freely within any Schengen country.
How can I obtain Greek citizenship through investment?
To obtain Greek citizenship through investment, you must first obtain a Greece Golden Visa by buying property worth at least €250,000. After holding the visa for seven years, you can apply for citizenship if you meet the requirements, including language and residency conditions.
What taxes will I need to pay when investing in Greece?
Investors must pay property taxes, income tax on rental income, and potentially capital gains tax upon the sale of the property. Greece also has Value Added Tax (VAT) on property transactions, though certain exemptions may apply for first-time homebuyers or specific types of property investments. Additionally, Greece taxes worldwide income, however, investors may benefit from the Greek non-dom tax regime.
Are there any restrictions on foreign ownership of property in Greece?
There are no significant restrictions on foreign ownership of property in Greece. However, non-EU buyers may need approval if purchasing land near national borders or in certain restricted areas. Foreign investors must also comply with the Greece Golden Visa program requirements if they want residency through property purchase.
How stable is the Greek real estate market?
The Greek real estate market has shown steady growth in recent years, driven by foreign investment, particularly through the Greece Golden Visa program. While the market is generally stable, it can be affected by economic fluctuations and global factors. Overall, Greece offers long-term potential due to its desirable location and growing tourism sector.
Do you need a Greece residence permit to purchase real estate?
No, you do not need a Greek residency permit for buying property in Greece. Foreign investors, including non-EU citizens, can buy property in Greece without holding a residence permit. However, obtaining a residence permit can offer significant advantages.
What are the best sectors to invest in Greece in 2024?
Greece has various thriving sectors that are ideal for foreign investors. Some of the top investment options for Greece in 2024 include real estate, agriculture, tourism, renewable energy, shipping and maritime, and construction, to name a few.
How to invest in Greek startups and innovative businesses?
There are a few steps for investing in Greek startups and innovative businesses. You should research the industry you are investing in, connect with local networks to meet with other investors and entrepreneurs, consult with experts to ensure you have a full understanding of your investment options, and consider speaking directly with founders to make a direct investment and negotiate terms.
What are the risks of investing in Greece in 2024?
Despite signs of recovery, investors in Greece face risks such as a complex bureaucracy, increasing public debt, and a slow judicial system. Additionally, geopolitical tensions, dependence on tourism, and a lack of industry diversification persist. However, recent upgrades to investment grade have slightly improved the outlook for investing in Greece.
Are there restrictions on foreign ownership or investment in Greece?
No, Greece generally imposes no restrictions on foreign ownership or investment, allowing investors to own 100 percent of a Greek company without a minimum capital requirement. However, specific sectors like banking, insurance, and financial services may require permits, and all investments must adhere to anti-money laundering (AML) regulations.
