Living in Turkey is quickly becoming one of the top choices for expats. As one of the best countries offering citizenship by investment, expats from across the globe are taking the plunge and moving to this stunning country.
However, before you pack your bags, it is important to know what living in Turkey is truly like for expats.
In this guide you will learn about:
Living in Turkey Pros and Cons
1. Fantastic investment opportunities
2. Cheaper cost of living
3. Strategic location
4. Mediterranean lifestyle
5. Diverse property market
6. Thriving economy
7. Expat-friendly environment
Pros of living in Turkey
1. Fantastic investment opportunities
Turkey has fantastic options for investors. The Turkey citizenship by investment program is ideal for those that want to invest in the Turkish economy while obtaining citizenship for their families. Investment options include real estate, a bank deposit, government bonds, investment fund shares, capital investment, and opening a business.
2. Cheaper cost of living
Turkey has become a popular destination for expats, offering excellent living conditions. Whether choosing the scenic Mediterranean coast or the vibrant cities of Istanbul and Ankara, expats benefit from a European lifestyle at a more affordable price, compared with other European countries and the US.
3. Strategic location
Turkey is situated between the Middle East, Europe, and Asia, making it an ideal location for travelling and business. Investors looking for a convenient location for shipping and trading often find Turkey a great option for multinational corporations.
4. Mediterranean lifestyle
One of the main draws to living in Turkey is the sensational Mediterranean lifestyle. From beach day bliss with gorgeous sunny weather to outdoor activities for the whole family. Whether you have a young family or are looking for the ultimate retirement destination, Turkey offers something for everyone.
5. Diverse property market
Turkey’s real estate market is particularly diverse. From modern city apartments to gorgeous villas by the Mediterranean sea, buying property in Turkey is a great investment. Whether you want to live in the country full time or rent out your property, the options are endless.
6. Thriving economy
Turkey has a thriving economy. The country holds the 18th place for largest gross domestic product globally in 2024. As the Turkish economy continues to grow, as does the investment potential.
7. Expat-friendly environment
Turkey has a very welcoming environment for expats. There are a range of expat communities throughout the country that welcome newcomers with open arms. This not only allows you to make friends more easily but also get acquainted into everyday life in Turkey much more quickly. The locals are also extremely inviting, offering a helping hand to those looking to make Turkey their forever home.
Cons of living in Turkey
1. Job scarcity
One of the main challenges for many people living in Turkey is the inability to work without a work permit, which can be difficult to obtain. If you plan to work for a Turkish company, the employer must demonstrate that no Turkish citizen is qualified for the position before hiring a foreigner.
2. Language barriers
Citizens of Turkey speak the Turkish language. If you are planning to move to Turkey to study or for business purposes it is very important that you learn to speak Turkish to ensure you can communicate efficiently for day to day living in Turkey. However, of the bad things about living in Turkey, it’s not all negative, with many tourist areas in Turkey speaking English fluently.
3. Turkish bureaucracy
Learning how to overcome Turkish bureaucracy can be a challenge. Generally, anything with permits and permissions can be extremely slow which may be frustrating. This is one of the main reasons that investors should consult with an immigration specialist to ensure there are no mishaps in applications as this can take even longer.
What is life like in Turkey for expats?
If you’re wondering what’s it like to live in Turkey as an expat, you aren’t the first. Many expats from across the globe are looking for what they can expect from living in Turkey. Here are some of the main things to consider.
Education in Turkey
The education system in Turkey is quite similar to most countries across the globe, with public and private options available.
There are various levels of education in Turkey, including:
- Pre-primary school: Optional schooling for children between the ages of three and five.
- Primary school: Compulsory for children between six and 14. There are eight years in total, generally going from elementary school to lower secondary school.
- Secondary school: Compulsory for children between 15 and 18, forming both vocational and general high schools.
Most expats choose to place their children in private or international schools as the curriculum tends to follow either UK or US schooling. Public schooling in Turkey is presented in Turkish which may be a struggle for expat learners.
Luckily, in most private schools in Turkey they offer Turkish as a subject to prepare learners to communicate with locals in daily life.
Healthcare in Turkey
Turkey offers both public and private healthcare, with the public system funded through Universal Healthcare Insurance for Turkish citizens. Overall, the Turkish healthcare system meets international standards.
Visitors and expats should note that the GHIC (Global Health Insurance Card) and EHIC (European Health Insurance Card) are not valid in Turkey. Instead, you can opt for Universal Health Insurance or private health insurance.
Turkey offers a range of public and private hospitals. While the public hospitals are similar to the UK, most expats choose private hospitals. Not only can foreign nationals get help in English, but medical services are a fraction of the cost with incredible service quality.
Important to note: Medical coverage is mandatory for obtaining work permits or residency in Turkey as set out by Turkish immigration regulations.
Turkey Visa Options for Expats
Turkey citizenship by investment
The Turkish citizenship by investment program offers a variety of appealing option to invest in Turkey to obtain citizenship. Let’s take a closer look at the various investment opportunities:
- Real estate: Invest a minimum of $400,000 in real estate or land. You can buy multiple properties and still qualify for citizenship.
- Bank deposit: Make a deposit of at least $500,000 in a Turkish bank account and maintain it for three years. This must be done in Turkish Lira.
- Government bonds: Contribute at least $500,000 to Turkish government bonds, using dollars, foreign currency equivalents, or Turkish Lira.
- Investment fund shares: Invest a minimum of $500,000 in a real estate investment fund or a venture capital fund.
- Capital investment: Make a fixed capital investment of $500,000 into a Turkish business.
- Job creation: Create full-time employment for at least 50 individuals, as outlined by the Ministry of Family, Labor, and Social Services.
Many foreign investors prefer the real estate route for Turkish citizenship because it allows them to acquire a second home or vacation property while obtaining a Turkish passport in just a few months. The program is particularly attractive for those looking to retire in Turkey.
Turkish residence permits
If you’re not interested in obtaining Turkish citizenship, then the residence permit may be a good fit.
The Turkish residence permit is for stays over three months. You must apply for the permit after being in Turkey for one month. The permit is usually valid for two years and requires you to prove where you are staying and that you have the funds to live in Turkey without relying on the Turkish government.
Turkish citizenship by naturalization
Once you have remained a resident in Turkey for at least five years you can obtain Turkish citizenship by naturalization. This timeline may be shorter in certain cases like being married to a Turkish national.
The requirements for the Turkish naturalization process include:
- You must maintain valid residence permits for Turkey.
- Proving you are financially dependent to the Turkish embassy.
- Demonstrate good moral character.
- Show adequate language proficiency through a language test.
Read our Turkey Citizenship by Investment Guide
Living in Turkey as an American: What to Consider
Living in Turkey as an American offers a chance to enjoy a lower cost of living compared to the US, immerse in a rich cultural and historical heritage, and savor delicious cuisine. However, if staying longer than 90 days, you will need to apply for a residence permit, learn some Turkish for daily interactions, and adapt to potential cultural differences. Cities like Istanbul offer a vibrant expat community with modern amenities, while smaller towns provide a more traditional experience.
Here are some considerations for living in Turkey as an American:
- Visa requirements: US citizens need a tourist visa for stays under 90 days, but must apply for a residence permit for longer stays.
- Cost of living: Turkey is much cheaper than the US, especially for everyday expenses like food and transportation.
- Language barrier: While English is spoken in tourist areas, learning some Turkish is important for daily life.
- Cultural differences: Turkish culture emphasizes hospitality, family values, and religion, which may differ from American norms.
Cultural differences: US vs Turkey
Moving to turkey from the USA can be a daunting experience. Not only are you moving to a totally different part of the world, but the way of life is also extremely different. That’s why it’s important for Americans living in Turkey to consider the following cultural differences:
- Gender roles: Traditional gender roles exist in Turkey, such as women staying home to care for sick children, preparing meals daily, and often living near their parents or in-laws.
- Personal space: In Turkish culture, personal space is smaller compared to many Western cultures, meaning people are more comfortable with close physical proximity.
- High-context communication: Turkey is considered a high-context communication culture, where much of the communication is implied and relies on context rather than explicit statements.
- Workplace management: In traditional Turkish workplace culture, managers are viewed as paternal figures, like a wise father. Employees expect clear direction, and communication tends to occur primarily within managerial levels.
- Communication style: Turkish people typically speak at a slower pace and have a relaxed sense of humor. Maintaining eye contact is important during conversations, and people tend to stand closer to one another while speaking.
Cost of living: Turkey vs the US
One of the main considerations before taking the plunge and moving to Turkey is the cost of living. You need to know what to expect in terms of cost, so you are prepared when you move to Turkey. Here are some of the basic costs of living in Turkey compared to the US:
item | Turkey | USA |
Apartment (1 bedroom) in City Centre | $576 | $1,757 |
Apartment (3 bedrooms) in City Centre | $970 | $2,932 |
Apartment (1 bedroom) Outside of Centre | $404 | $1,445 |
Apartment (3 bedrooms) Outside of Centre | $670 | $2,395 |
International Primary School, yearly for 1 Child | $9,744 | $22,473 |
Fitness Club, Monthly Fee for 1 Adult | $39 | $46 |
Cinema, International Release, 1 Seat | $5.84 | $14 |
Basic (Electricity, Heating, Cooling, Water, Garbage) for 85m2 Apartment | $59 | $207 |
Internet (60 Mbps or More, Unlimited Data, Cable/ADSL) | $11.98 | $70.92 |
Monthly Pass Local Transport (Regular Price) | $40,52 | $65,41 |
Meal, Inexpensive Restaurant | $8.76 | $20 |
Meal for 2 People, Mid-range Restaurant, Three-course | $35 | $75 |
How to move to Turkey as a US citizen
Luckily, moving to Turkey as an American is quite straight forward. If you want to invest in Turkey, then the Golden Visa is the ideal option. However, if you just want to visit, the Turkish visa for US citizens is simple to obtain.
- For stays less than 90 days: US citizens are not required to obtain a tourist visa to visit Turkey for less than 90 days.
- For stays longer than 90 days: If you plan to extend your travel dates in Turkey then you will need a Turkish sticker visa. This is generally given for work, studies, and extended stays.
Paying Taxes in Turkey as an Expat
If you are planning to live and work in Turkey understanding taxes in Turkey is essential. If you plan to live in Turkey for more than six months out of the year, you are required to pay income tax. The income tax rate in Turkey is between 0-35 percent with various incentives that allow for allowances and deductions.
Non-tax residents of Turkey are not subject to income tax on their global income. The same goes for foreign employees if they have been living in Turkey for two years and are being paid by a foreign employer. But it is up to you to speak with a tax specialist to ensure you know what you are liable for while living in Turkey.
Retirees in Turkey can benefit from the reduced income rates as long as their income is coming from outside the country. Retirees will then only pay 15 percent tax on their income, whether it be from pensions, retirement benefits, or annuities.
The corporate tax rate in Turkey is 20 percent on all profits made within a tax year. There are some tax-free zones where companies are exempt from paying stamp duties, logistic VAT, and profits.
Banking in Turkey as an Expat
Expats are free to open a bank account in Turkey. However, you will be required to provide certain documents including:
- A valid Turkish residence permit
- Proof of accommodation
- A tax identification number
- A valid passport from your home country or a Turkish passport if you obtain citizenship.
If your residence permit expires you are required to go through the residence permit procedure and provide an updated permit to ensure your account remains active and valid.
Where to Live in Turkey as an Expat
Turkey has many major cities worth visiting and living in. Each of them has its unique features. However, the seven best cities to live in Turkey according to expats are:
- Istanbul: The professional expat’s choice.
- Antalya: Holds tourism-related business and retirement opportunities.
- Bodrum: For high-class living.
- Bursa: For anyone looking for a city full of heritage.
- Izmir: A perfect spot for retirement.
- Alanya: A fast-growing hotspot.
- Marmaris: A sea lover’s dream.
Let’s take a closer look at some of the most popular cities for expats to live in.
Istanbul
Istanbul continues to be one of the most culturally diverse cities in Europe, boasting a large immigrant population, delicious seafood cuisine, and a vibrant nightlife.
Since its establishment in 330 AD, Istanbul, which is situated on the Bosphorus, has operated as a crossroads for two continents and two cultures. Being the largest city in Turkey, it is a remarkable mix of Eastern and Western cultures.
Istanbul, which is home to 15 million people, is a thriving metropolis where visitors can get a true taste of rich culture in Turkey, cuisine, and way of life. It has a few UNESCO World
Heritage Sites with a mixture of Christian and Muslim historical sites of Byzantine and Ottoman architecture, including Haya Sophia, which is often regarded as the eighth wonder of the world.
Antalya
Antalya offers the ideal combination of a historic center with laid-back seaside resorts for expat seeking an economical beach-lifestyle, and big-city advantages. It is the gateway to Turkey’s so-called Turquoise Coast, offering incredible places for retirees from abroad to unwind, including:
- Kas
- Side
- Alayna
There are kilometers of gorgeous beaches in Antalya, with Konyaalti and Lara being the most popular. Life in Turkey is more than just relaxing on sandy beaches.
Kaleici, Antalya’s historical district, which was established around 200 BC, takes visitors back in time. The numerous eateries, cafes, and nightlife of the old town coexist with many historical landmarks constructed in the second century.
Izmir
Izmir is a great location to live in for foreign citizens with families because of its warm waters and safe white sand beaches. Almost 600 kilometers – nearly 400 miles – of pristine coastline surround Izmir, and more than 60 adjacent beaches have earned Blue Flag certifications for environmental cleanliness and water quality.
The third-largest city in Turkey after Istanbul and the capital Ankara, Izmir is situated on the Aegean Sea coast.
Like many Turkish cities, Izmir was established around 3,000 years ago, and today combines tradition and innovation. Well-preserved ancient ruins, including the Bazaar of Smyrna, can be found throughout the city, while the historic port of Ephesus and the Greek ruins of Pergamon are only one and a half hours away by car.
Izmir is one of the more westernized cities in Turkey, according to the Turks, which makes the city appropriate for new expats, and enables visitors to gradually become familiar with Turkish traditions and culture.
Frequently Asked Questions About Living in Turkey
What is daily life like in Turkey for expats and locals?
Daily life in Turkey offers a stunning blend of western and eastern traditions. The atmosphere is warm and hospitable. The Turkish people are generally very welcoming, inviting expats to learn about their customs and traditions, including traditional Turkish food and social gatherings.
What challenges do foreigners face when living in Turkey?
Expats living in Turkey face a few challenges. The culture in Turkey is quite different to western life, with most of the country being Muslim. It’s important for foreigners to remain respectful at all times of the traditions and customs of the Turkish people. Foreign citizens may also struggle with the language barriers as Turkish is the main language spoken.
Is living in Turkey worth it for foreigners?
Absolutely! Turkey offers a totally different way of life to most western countries. Expats have a chance to explore the fascinating history and culture of Turkey. Additionally, there are various areas offering a different pace of life. Major cities offer the hustle and bustle, while more coastal towns offer a slower pace of life.
How does the cost of living in Turkey compare to other countries?
The cost of living in Turkey is significantly less than many other European countries and the US. In fact, living in Turkey costs about 85 percent less than in the US excluding rent, including rent it goes up to 117 percent. The cost of living in Turkey is 43 percent lower than the UK without rent and 47 percent lower with rent.
Is Turkey a good place to live for families and retirees?
Yes, Turkey is one of the best places to live for families and retirees. From the slower pace of life and historic culture to the fantastic healthcare and education systems, Turkey offers a safe and welcoming environment to all.
How do political and social issues affect life in Turkey for expats?
Political and social issues in Turkey don’t generally affect day to day life in Turkey. However, it’s important for expats to remain aware of what is happening in Turkey to remain informed. Like all countries there may occasionally be things like protests in major cities, but this isn’t the norm.
What is it like to live in Turkey as an American expat?
Living in Turkey as an American expat can be a wonderful cultural experience where Americans can integrate into daily living in Turkey. There are some big cultural differences which most see as a chance to learn and explore something different.
What is the expat community like in major Turkish cities?
There are growing expat communities throughout Turkey. The major towns and cities have larger expat communities, making it easier for new expats to learn and explore Turkey with others that have been in the same boat.
How is life in Turkey for retirees from Europe and the US?
Life in Turkey for retirees is fantastic. From the gorgeous coastal areas offering a laid-back lifestyle to the bustling cities with a varying pace of life, there is truly something for every retiree. Plus, with tax incentives for foreign retirees, living in Turkey is generally significantly cheaper than in the UK and US.
What are the pros of living in Turkey as an American?
Living in Turkey offers an affordable lifestyle with a high quality of life at a lower cost than the US. You can explore rich history, ancient sites, vibrant markets, and enjoy delicious, varied, and affordable Turkish cuisine. Turkey also boasts stunning landscapes, from beautiful beaches to mountains, and has a large expat community, especially in cities like Istanbul, providing a strong support network.
