There are several options when deciding on a Digital Nomad visa to work remotely abroad. The most popular countries offering digital nomad programs are Spain and Portugal, which attract remote workers thanks to their lucrative opportunities and relaxed Mediterranean lifestyle.
However, the specifics of their Digital Nomad visas—such as eligibility requirements, tax implications, and digital infrastructure—can significantly impact their experience of living and working in these countries.
This article explores the main differences between the Spain vs Portugal Digital Nomad Visa, comparing the benefits and potential drawbacks to help digital nomad visa holders decide which Iberian gem best aligns with their professional and personal goals.
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Digital Nomad Visa Overview: Spain and Portugal
Spain’s Digital Nomad Visa
Spain’s Digital Nomad Visa is similar to a full employment visa. It grants temporary residency rights to non-EU/EEA foreigners for up to one year, provided they are employed and meet the income requirements, have medical insurance, and have a valid passport.
Sometimes referred to as the “Spain Remote Work Visa,” the digital nomad visa in Spain is specifically aimed at individuals who work remotely in the digital sphere.
Until recently, digital nomads could only work for companies and clients outside Spanish territory. However, that has since changed, and you can work for a company based in Spain, provided that this work accounts for no more than 20% of your total professional activity.
Another advantage is that Spain topped the rankings of our Global Intelligence Unit’s Global Digital Nomad Report. Through a combination of the digital nomad visa’s benefits and the quality of life the country provides, Spain scored first for visa benefits, third for tech and innovation, and sixth for quality of life.
Additionally, Spain is one of only three countries that grant direct access to citizenship for time spent as digital nomads.
Portugal’s Digital Nomad Visa
Portugal’s Digital Nomad Visa, officially known as the D8 Visa Program, was launched by the Portuguese government in 2022.
The visa is intended for non-EU/EEA remote workers who want to live and work in Portugal for up to one year while continuing their employment with companies outside the country.
This allows them to work from anywhere in the country, whether in a co-working space, a café, or the comfort of their home. As a D8 Visa holder, you can also travel freely within the Schengen Area, which comprises 27 European countries, for up to 90 days within 180 days.
Spain vs Portugal Digital Nomad Visa Benefits
Benefits of Spain’s Digital Nomad Visa
Extended Stay: Spain’s Digital Nomad Visa enables remote workers to reside and work in Spain for a prolonged period.
Family reunification: This Spanish visa provides the opportunity to bring along family dependents.
Visa-free travel across the Schengen Area: Visa holders enjoy travel freedom within the Schengen Zone, comprising 27 European countries.
Tax Benefits: Digital Nomad Visa holders, if employed or entrepreneurs, can opt for more favorable taxation under the special Non-Resident Income Tax Regime.
Cultural Experience: Spain digital nomads can immerse themselves in the country’s rich cultural heritage, benefit from affordable living costs, and enjoy a high quality of life.
Permanent Residence Pathway: After five years of continuous residence in Spain, the Spain Digital Nomad visa holders may be eligible to apply for permanent residence.
Citizenship Eligibility: With a decade of continuous residence, Spain Digital Nomad Visa holders may qualify for Spanish citizenship.
Benefits of Portugal’s Digital Nomad Visa
Right to live and work in Portugal: With this temporary stay visa, you can live in Portugal legally for a specific duration, typically up to one year. For comparison, the tourist visa (Schengen visa) allows you to stay in the country for 90 days every three months.
Visa-free travel across the Schengen Area: Portugal is a part of the Schengen Area. Digital Nomad Visa holders can travel visa free to other state members of the European Union.
Access to public services in Portugal: Holders of the Portuguese Digital Nomad Visa have access to public services in Portugal, including healthcare, education, and other social benefits.
Pathway to EU citizenship: After five years of legal residence in Portugal, digital nomads can apply for permanent residence and Portuguese citizenship. Please note that you must pass a basic Portuguese language test (A2 level) to become a Portuguese citizen.
Family reunification: The long-stay version of the visa allows for family reunification. Portugal Digital Nomad Visa applicants can bring family members, such as the spouse or dependent child, to live in Portugal with them.
Spain vs Portugal Digital Nomad Visa Income Requirements
Spain’s Digital Nomad Visa income requirements
As set out by the Spanish government, applicants must meet the financial requirements (in addition to several others) to qualify. You must show proof of financial means of at least 200% of the monthly Spanish minimum wage, about €2,500 per month.
If you want to include a spouse or a dependent in your application, you must show an additional 75 percent of the monthly Spanish national minimum wage.
Additional documents required include:
- Proof of at least three years of work experience in your current field of activity or an undergraduate or postgraduate degree from a University, College, or Business School of prestige
- Certification of working for at least three months for a foreign company before application
Portugal’s Digital Nomad Visa income requirements
The minimum income requirement for the D8 Visa is four times the Portuguese minimum wage and is currently €3,280.00 monthly. In addition to the earnings, you need at least €9,840 in your bank account (or a Portuguese bank account).
If applying with family members, the income requirement increases by 50 percent for a spouse or a parent and 25 percent per child.
Additional documents required for the Portugal Digital Nomad Visa include:
- Proof that the income is consistent and stable through bank statements for the last three to six months
- Income should come from a source outside of Portugal, such as a valid employment contract or freelancer agreements
- If you own a business that operates remotely, you will need to provide documentation proving your ownership
Spain vs Portugal Digital Nomad Visa Application Process
Spanish Digital Nomad Visa
- Book an appointment: Once you have gathered all the necessary documents, you need to schedule an appointment with the Spanish consulate in your area and this will start the process of obtaining your Spanish Digital Nomad Visa.
- Attend the appointment: When attending your appointment at the Spanish embassy or consulate, make sure to bring all necessary documentation and be prepared to answer any initial questions that the interviewer may have after reviewing your documents. Once the documents you submit are verified by the application center, you’ll receive an email with details on how to book a follow-up appointment for the next steps.
- Wait for an outcome: If no further documentation is needed, you should receive an outcome of your digital nomad visa application in about ten days. If your Spanish Digital Nomad Visa application is declined, you can appeal it within one month of receiving the notification. You should send the appeal to the Consular Office.
Portuguese Digital Nomad Visa
- Book an appointment: After you’ve gathered the required documents and completed the National Visa application form, you must book an appointment through VFS Global, which acts as an agent for local Portuguese embassies and as the official partner of the Government of Portugal.
- Attend the appointment: You will need to personally visit the consulate or application center for your fingerprints and photo to be taken on behalf of AIMA and submitted as biometric information.
- Wait for an outcome: It typically takes 60 days for your visa to be processed, and you can track the progress of your Digital Nomad Visa application online with the reference number given to you. Upon visa approval, your passport and Portuguese Digital Nomad Visa can be collected from the place where you applied, or you can have them sent to you via secure post.
- Attend AIMA appointment: When your visa is approved, you’ll be given a date, time, and location for your appointment with AIMA in Portugal, which takes about an hour. This appointment is to register you as a Portuguese resident and your biometric information will be checked for the issuance of your residency card.
Spain vs Portugal Digital Nomad Visa Cost
To get a Digital Nomad Visa in Spain, you must pay a consular fee of around €80. This can vary depending on where you apply and the local currency exchange rate. In addition to that, there is also a €9.80 fee for obtaining your NIE number and €80 for issuing a residency card.
Similarly in Portugal, the cost for the Digital Nomad Visa application is about €90 for the long-stay residency visa and €70 for the short-stay visa. As with Spain, this can vary depending on where you apply and the local currency exchange rate.
The issuance of the residency permit upon approval is €170, bringing the Digital Nomad Visa cost to around €260, excluding additional fees for getting a NIF or document authentication.
Digital nomad Visa Differences Spain vs. Portugal: Processing Time
After submission, it can take between two weeks and 45 days for your Spanish Digital Nomad Visa application to be approved. However, since it takes about a week or two to also get your NIE number and find a rental property before applying, the total processing time is closer to around two months.
The Portuguese Digital Nomad Visa processing timeline varies depending on the country from which you’re applying, but typically, initial visa applications take about 60 days to be reviewed and approved.
When you receive your Portugal Digital Nomad Visa, you will also be allocated an appointment date with AIMA to obtain your residence permit. Scheduling an appointment can take upwards of four months. Once your appointment is concluded, you should expect your residency permit to be delivered within 90 days.
Spain vs Portugal Digital Nomad Visa Financial and Tax Benefits
Spain’s tax advantages
In Spain, you will be considered a tax resident if you spend more than 183 days in the country within a calendar year or if your main professional activities or economic interests are based in Spain. Tax residents are subject to tax on their worldwide monthly income.
Spain has a special tax regime for expatriates, commonly known as the “Beckham Law.” This law allows qualifying individuals to be taxed as non-residents, paying a flat rate of 24% on their Spanish-sourced income up to €600,000 (as of the last update) and 47% on income above this threshold.
In addition to income tax, it is important to consider social security obligations. If you work for a non-Spanish company but live in Spain, the situation can be complex, and you may need to make contributions in Spain, depending on bilateral agreements and your specific circumstances.
However, there are also cases where digital nomads staying in Spain might fall under the Startup Act, entitling them to pay non-resident income tax rates (IRNR) instead of resident income tax rates (IRPF) on their foreign income.
This means they would only have to pay tax at a reduced rate of 15 percent on their income for a maximum period of four years, as opposed to the average tax rate of 24 percent.
Read our Global Intelligence Unit's Global Digital Nomad Report
Portugal’s tax advantages
When working as a digital nomad in Portugal, you’re subject to the same tax obligations as other residents. The tax system operates on a self-assessment basis, meaning it’s your responsibility to calculate and fulfill your tax obligations.
The Portuguese tax year spans from January to December, and personal income tax can reach up to 48 percent. However, if you meet certain criteria, it is possible for you to still apply for Portugal’s Non-Habitual Resident tax regime (NHR).
Even though the favorable tax regime is being replaced by the Tax Incentive for Scientific Research and Innovation, you can still apply up until 31 March 2025 if you meet at least one of the following criteria:
- Having an employment contract signed/to be signed by 31 December 2023
- Having a lease agreement or other contract for the use/possession of property signed by 10 October 2023
- Having a contract to buy property in Portugal signed by 10 October 2023
- Having children enrolled or registered in a school in Portugal by 10 October 2023
- Having a residence permit or visa valid from 31 December 2023
- Having an application for a residence permit or visa initiated by 31 December 2023
- Being a member of the household of anyone who meets the above criteria
Non-Habitual Resident status provides you with tax exemptions for 10 years on your global income, active income that arises from high-value-added activities earned in Portugal is taxed at 20 percent, and NHR holders are not subject to specific minimum or maximum residency requirements.
Spain vs Portugal D8 Citizenship and Residency Options
Spain Digital Nomad Visa path to citizenship
The Spain Digital Nomad Visa is initially valid for one year. Successful remote workers may convert their Digital Nomad Visa into a temporary residency permit, valid for up to three years upon their arrival in Spain.
Once holders of the Spanish Digital Nomad Visa have obtained their renewable residency permit, they can extend the validity of their temporary permits for an additional two years upon renewal, allowing the Digital Nomad Visa to be valid for up to five years.
After continuously living in Spain for five years, you may be eligible to apply for a permanent residence permit card. Citizenship may be obtained after ten years of residence if all the requirements are met, including the minimum wage.
Portugal’s D8 Visa path to citizenship
Portugal’s Digital Nomad Visa comes in two categories: a short-stay visa and a residency permit. The short-stay visa is aimed at remote workers who want to stay temporarily in Portugal for up to one year. It affords all the benefits of the visa and gives you enough time to decide whether to remain in the country or not.
Please note that, if you seek Portuguese citizenship, you must apply for the temporary residence permit, which is valid for two years and can be renewed for another three years.
If you obtain this visa, you can apply for a permanent residency permit and Portuguese citizenship after five years, provided you fulfill all the requirements under Portuguese nationality law. This includes taking a basic Portuguese language test and holding a clean criminal record.
Read our Portugal Citizenship by Investment Guide
Living in Portugal vs Spain: Which is Better?
Living in Spain as a digital nomad
Living in Spain as a digital nomad offers a mix of work and leisure. The country’s diverse cities, such as Barcelona, Madrid, and Valencia, provide strong digital infrastructure, numerous coworking spaces, and a vibrant expat community. Spain’s relatively low cost of living, compared to other Western European countries, makes it an attractive option for many remote workers.
However, navigating Spain’s bureaucracy can be challenging, especially when securing visas or dealing with local administration. Learning some Spanish is also essential for integrating into daily life, as only some people speak English. Overall, Spain offers digital nomads a dynamic environment with a balance of professional opportunities and a rich, leisurely lifestyle.
Living in Portugal as a digital nomad
Living in Portugal is marked by a unique blend of traditional charm and modern amenities, making it an attractive destination for expatriates, retirees, and digital nomads. The country offers a diverse lifestyle that balances relaxed coastal living with vibrant city life, especially in Lisbon, Porto, and the Algarve.
Portugal consistently ranks as one of the safest countries in the world, with low crime rates when compared to other European countries. The cost of living can vary significantly depending on the region. Lisbon and Porto, being the largest cities, have a higher cost of living compared to smaller towns and rural areas.
However, even in these cities, groceries, dining out, and public transportation are generally more affordable than in many other European capitals. Housing costs, while rising in recent years due to increasing demand from foreign buyers and investors, remain relatively reasonable.
Top Digital Nomad Cities in Spain and Portugal
Spain’s digital nomad hotspots
Barcelona: Barcelona stands out as a top choice for digital nomads, blending a bustling urban environment with stunning beaches. The city boasts a thriving tech scene, co-working spaces, and a rich cultural atmosphere. The unique architecture of Antoni Gaudí adds to the city’s charm, providing an inspiring backdrop for work and exploration.
Madrid: Madrid, as the capital and economic hub of Spain, is a vibrant city that effortlessly blends modernity with tradition. With its extensive public transportation, diverse culinary scene, and abundance of cultural attractions, visitors can fully enjoy the city. Furthermore, Madrid offers numerous co-working spaces and networking opportunities, making it an ideal destination for remote work.
Palma de Mallorca: Palma de Mallorca in the Balearic Islands offers a refreshing alternative for those craving a blend of work and island life. With picturesque beaches, a Mediterranean climate, and a growing digital nomad community, Palma provides a relaxed setting for remote work, allowing professionals to enjoy the island’s natural beauty during their downtime.
Portugal’s digital nomad hotspots
Madeira: The autonomous island of Madeira is home to the Digital Nomads Madeira project, which is essentially an entire digital nomad village in Portugal. It’s a joint initiative set up between Startup Madeira and the government of Madeira, with the primary aim to be community benefits from the social and economic impact of attracting passionate digital nomads onto the island.
Lisbon: Lisbon attracts digital nomads from all over the world with its vibrant tech scene, affordable cost of living, and sunny climate. The city’s reliable internet, diverse coworking spaces, and rich cultural heritage provide a dynamic work-life balance. Its welcoming atmosphere, safety, and English-speaking community further enhance its appeal as a top destination for remote workers.
Porto: The second-largest city in Portugal, Porto appeals to digital nomads with its charming riverside setting, affordable living costs, and relaxed vibe. The city offers excellent coworking spaces, a growing tech community, and a slower pace of life than Lisbon. With its rich history, friendly locals, and vibrant cultural scene, Porto is ideal for remote work and exploration.
Spain vs. Portugal Digital Nomad Visa Comparison: Which One to Choose?
When choosing between Spain and Portugal for a Digital Nomad Visa, several factors come into play. Spain’s Digital Nomad Visa offers access to a diverse range of cities and landscapes, from vibrant urban centers like Barcelona and Madrid to scenic coastal areas.
The country boasts a robust digital infrastructure and a well-established expat community, which can make it easier for newcomers to settle in and find networking opportunities. However, Spain’s cost of living, particularly in major cities, can be higher compared to Portugal.
Portugal, on the other hand, has emerged as a popular destination for digital nomads due to its relatively lower cost of living, especially in cities like Lisbon and Porto. The Portuguese Digital Nomad Visa is designed to attract remote workers with competitive tax benefits and access to the Schengen Area. Portugal also offers a laid-back lifestyle, a mild climate, and a strong digital nomad community.
Ultimately, the choice between Spain and Portugal depends on your budget, lifestyle preferences, and the type of environment you find most conducive to your work and personal life. Both countries provide strong support for digital nomads, but the experience will differ based on cultural, financial, and geographical factors.
Category |  Spain Digital Nomad Visa |  Portugal Digital Nomad Visa |
Intended for | Non-EU/EEA freelancers and remote workers | Non-EU/EEA freelancers and remote workers |
Minimum monthly income requirement | About €2,500 per month (twice the Spanish minimum wage) | About €3,280 per month (four times the Portuguese minimum wage) |
Income source eligibility | 80% of income from foreign source, no more than 20% from Spanish work | 100% of income from foreign source |
Visa fees | €80 for application, €80 for residency card | €90 for application, €170 for residency card |
Processing time | Between 2 weeks and 45 days | About 60 days |
Permanent residency | After 5 years of living in Spain | After 5 years living in Portugal |
Citizenship | Yes, after living in Spain for 10 years | Yes, after living in Portugal for 5 years |
Rights | Live, work, study, healthcare | Live, work, study, healthcare |
Family reunification | Yes | Yes |
Visa free movement | Schengen Area and certain EU countries | Schengen Area and certain EU countries |
Why choose Global Citizen Solutions for your Immigration Visa?
GLOBAL APPROACH BY LOCAL EXPERTS
- GCS has offices located across Portugal.
- Members of the US-Portugal and UK-Portugal Chambers of Commerce in Portugal, and the Investment Migration Council (IMC).
- Our expert team can help you throughout your journey to secure your Visa.
100% APPROVAL RATE
- Our successful track record in applications provides reassurance to applicants.
- We have helped clients from more than 35 countries secure residency in Portugal.
ALL-ENCOMPASSING SOLUTION
- With a single channel of communication, our approach ensures that you have complete clarity on your application.
- Our BeGlobal® Onboarding System allows for a total flow of information.
TRANSPARENCY AND PRIVACY
- Our pricing is clear and detailed, you will not face any hidden costs.
- All data is stored within a GDPR-compliant database on a secure SSL-encrypted server.
Frequently Asked Questions About Spain and Portugal's Digital Nomad Visas
What are the eligibility criteria for Spain and Portugal's Digital Nomad Visas?
In Spain, applicants need to prove they work remotely for companies outside Spain or have a freelance business serving clients mostly outside Spain. They must demonstrate at least three years of work experience or relevant qualifications and show sufficient financial means to support themselves. However, Portugal requires proof of a stable income from remote work or freelance activity, and applicants must demonstrate a minimum monthly income.
What is the duration of stay allowed under each visa?
Spain’s Digital Nomad Visa typically allows for a stay of one year, which can be extended for up to five years. After the initial year, digital nomads can apply for a residence permit renewed every two years. Portugal’s D8 Visa initially grants a four-month stay to apply for a residency permit, which, once obtained, is valid for one year. After the first year, the residency permit can be renewed every two years, and after five years, it can lead to permanent residency or citizenship.
Can family members accompany the digital nomad?
Yes, both Digital Nomad Visas allow family reunification, meaning spouses, children, and dependent parents can join the primary visa holder. The primary applicant must show sufficient financial resources to support their dependents.
Are there specific health insurance requirements for digital nomads in each country?
Digital nomads in Spain must have private health insurance with coverage equivalent to the public health system, which must be valid throughout their stay. Portugal requires digital nomads to have valid health insurance covering all risks in Portugal. This can be private health insurance or, for European Union citizens, an EHIC card.
What is the quality of internet and digital infrastructure in Spain and Portugal?
Spain has a well-developed digital infrastructure, with high-speed internet widely available in cities and towns. There is also a strong network of co-working spaces, especially in major cities like Madrid and Barcelona. Similarly, Portugal is also known for its excellent internet connectivity, even in smaller towns. Lisbon and Porto have numerous co-working spaces, cafes with reliable Wi-Fi, and a friendly digital nomad lifestyle.
