Universities in Portugal: The Complete Guide 2024

Deciding which country and university to study at is always challenging and requires thorough research. In this article, we’ll provide everything you need to know about higher education in Portugal, including the enrolment processes, the best universities in Portugal for international students, tuition fees, and more.

Here are the Best Global Universities in Portugal

Portugal is home to 14 universities listed in the Times Higher Education World University Rankings, with four of them among the top 500 globally for educational quality. Moreover, Portugal’s higher education system was ranked 35th worldwide in the QS Higher Education System Strength Rankings.
The country’s education system follows the European Bologna Process, making it one of the most affordable in the EU. Additionally, Portugal’s Mediterranean climate, beautiful coastline, and rich history make it an appealing destination for students. The University of Lisbon, the largest university in Portugal, stands out with its significant student population of over 47,000 and prestigious academic programs. Portugal’s oldest university, the University of Coimbra, has a rich history of over 700 years and contributes significantly to the cultural and academic landscape of the city.

How the Higher Education System Works in Portugal

Choosing Portugal for higher education is a wise decision. The higher education system is divided into two main subsystems: university education and non-university higher education (polytechnic education).

Universities in Portugal focus on academic research and offer a broad range of subjects, while polytechnic institutions prepare students for specific careers with a more practical approach. Public universities typically charge lower tuition fees than private universities.

Private universities have their own entrance requirements distinct from public universities. Both systems are integrated into the European Higher Education Area (EHEA) through the Bologna Process, facilitating international student mobility and academic recognition.

Bachelor’s or Licentiate’s Degree (Licenciatura)

Both university and polytechnic institutions offer the Licenciado degree, which is equivalent to a Bachelor’s degree and typically takes three to four years to complete. For specialized fields such as Law or Medicine, the program may extend up to six years.

The Licenciatura includes a combination of coursework and practical experience, such as internships, to prepare students for their careers. Upon completion, graduates may pursue further studies or enter the workforce with a solid educational foundation.

Master’s Degree (Mestrado)

A master’s degree, or Mestrado, usually takes one to two years to complete and requires students to conduct research or complete a significant project. Some programs, especially those in Medicine and Law, may require a longer period.

The master’s degree is designed to deepen knowledge in a specific field and prepare students for advanced career roles or further academic research. Many programs offer opportunities for internships and research projects in collaboration with industry partners.

Doctorate (Doutoramento)

The Doctorate, or Doutoramento, is the highest level of academic qualification in Portugal. Research performance is a key metric in university rankings. Doctoral students work on their research projects at their own pace, typically over a period of three to four years.

The country provides some scholarships for doctoral students, starting at €1,000 per year, to support their research and living expenses.

The Doctorate involves in-depth research in a chosen field, culminating in a doctoral thesis that contributes new knowledge to the discipline.

The Cost of Higher Education in Portugal

Portugal’s higher education system is competitive and known for its affordability. Admission to universities in Portugal depends on exam results and available places. For EU citizens, higher education is effectively free, with only a minimal annual administrative fee of around €700. Eligibility for this free education includes:

1. EU citizens.
2. Applicants whose spouses or parents are EU citizens.
3. Foreigners living legally in Portugal for over two years.

Non-EU students face tuition fees ranging from €3,000 to €12,000 per year. English-taught programs are generally more expensive. Despite these fees, higher education in Portugal remains relatively affordable compared to many other European countries. For example, tuition fees in the UK can range from €17,000 to €36,000 per year.

Additionally, the cost of living in Portugal is lower than in Germany and the UK. Student dormitories cost about €200 per month, while studio apartments range from €500 to €600 per month. Students can benefit from discounts on public transportation and other services, making Portugal a cost-effective option for higher education.

Scholarships Possibilities in Portuguese Universities

Portugal offers various grants and scholarships to support both EU and non-EU students. To be eligible for these scholarships, students must apply to a university recognized by the Portuguese Ministry of Education. Some notable scholarship opportunities include:

• University of Coimbra: As Portugal’s oldest university, it offers discounts on tuition and accommodations for high-performing students, making it an attractive option for those looking for financial support.
• University of Porto: Provides scholarships that can be equivalent to a salary in Portugal, helping students manage their living and study expenses.
• Catholic University of Lisbon: Offers substantial tuition discounts, ranging from 50% to 75%, making education more accessible for students from diverse backgrounds.
• University of Aveiro: Provides €1,000 off tuition fees for high-achieving students, supporting those with exceptional academic records.Scholarship providers include the DGES, FCT, and the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, which offer various funding opportunities for doctoral students and research projects.

How to Prepare for Admission to a Portuguese University

Both national and international students need to prepare thoroughly for admission to universities in Portugal. The preparation process involves:

1. Completion of Secondary Education: Students must have completed secondary education or possess an equivalent qualification to apply for undergraduate programs.
2. Entrance Examinations: Depending on the program, students may need to pass specific entrance exams or provide equivalent results from foreign tests.
3. Prerequisites: Some programs have specific prerequisites or requirements that students must meet.

International applicants often need to have A-levels or an International Baccalaureate (IB). Students who do not meet these requirements may consider enrolling in a Foundation program to bridge the gap and prepare for higher education in Portugal.

Enrollment Process at a Portuguese University

Universities in Portugal have a competitive admissions process. To apply, students should follow these steps:

1. Application Submission: Universities publish application guidelines and deadlines. Prospective students must submit their applications before the deadline.
2. Language Proficiency: For courses taught in Portuguese, students must demonstrate proficiency at a B2 level or higher. For English-taught courses, proof of English proficiency is required.
3. Required Documents: Applicants need to submit a completed application form, a scanned copy of their passport, and a scanned copy of their secondary education certificate or bachelor’s diploma. They may also need to provide language certificates and other documents as specified by the university.

Some universities may require additional materials such as a motivation letter or a Skype interview. Foreign qualifications must be apostilled, translated into Portuguese, and certified by the consulate. You can visit the official Counsel of Europe and UNESCO on education and recognition of international qualifications website for more information

Top 5 Universities in Portugal

Portugal’s universities are internationally well-known for their high-quality education and prestigious programs. Portugal’s oldest university, the University of Coimbra, stands out with its rich history of over 700 years and vibrant student community.

Here’s a closer look at the top 5 universities in Portugal and the competitive degrees they offer. These universities are also recognized in world rankings, highlighting their international standing.

1. Universidade do Porto (University of Porto)

The University of Porto is one of the best universities in Europe, ranking 295th in the QS World University Rankings of 2022. Established in 1911, it serves a diverse student body of over 31,000, including around 3,280 international students.

The university is renowned for its specialization in applied sciences such as Engineering, Architecture, and Marine Ecology. It offers more than 600 programs across 15 faculties, supported by extensive research units and modern facilities.

Prestigious Degrees:

• Architecture
• Industrial Design
• Graphic Design
• Medicine
• Dentistry
• Pharmaceuticals
• Exact Sciences
• Information Systems and Engineering
• Jurisprudence
• Economics and Business
• Psychology
• Nutrition
• Human Kinetics
• Pedagogy
• Geography
• Agronomy

2. Universidade de Lisboa (University of Lisbon)

University of Lisbon is the largest university and the most prestigious in Portugal, ranking 356th globally. Formed by merging the Technical University of Lisbon and the University of Lisbon in 2013, it boasts 18 faculties and a significant research output in fields like robotics and nanotechnology. It is a popular choice among international students, with over 8,000 foreign enrollees each year.

Prestigious Degrees:

• Architecture and Design
• Art
• Jurisprudence
• Medicine
• Dentistry
• Pharmaceuticals
• Veterinary Medicine
• Exact Sciences
• Information Systems and Engineering
• Political Science
• Psychology
• Human Kinetics
• Social Sciences
• Pedagogy
• Geography
• Agronomy

3. Universidade Nova de Lisboa (New University of Lisbon)

Often referred to as NOVA, the New University of Lisbon ranks 361st in the world. Founded in 1973, it has over 19,500 students and is known for its partnerships, such as the Lisbon MBA in collaboration with the Catholic University of Lisbon. NOVA is well-regarded for its innovative programs and research.

Prestigious Degrees:

• Cellular and Molecular Biology
• Biomedical Engineering
• Civil Engineering
• Computer Science and Engineering
• Chemical and Biological Engineering
• Environmental Engineering
• Exact Sciences
• Politics
• Jurisprudence
• Economics and Business
• Psychology
• Communication Science
• Foreign Languages
• Anthropology
• Geography
• Archeology

4. Universidade de Coimbra (University of Coimbra)

Established in 1290, Portugal’s oldest university, the University of Coimbra, ranks 455th globally. Located in the historical city of Coimbra, it is known for its significant contributions to various fields and its UNESCO-recognized campus. The university offers a range of programs across eight faculties.

Prestigious Degrees:

• Bioanalytic
• Biomedical Engineering
• Physics Engineering
• Electrical and Computer Engineering
• Biochemistry
• Environmental Engineering
• Exact Sciences
• Design and Multimedia
• Jurisprudence
• Economics and Business
• Psychology
• Journalism
• Foreign Languages
• Arts
• Geography
• Archeology

5. Universidade de Aveiro (University of Aveiro)

Universidade de Aveiro is noted for its focus on environmental and oceanographic research, ranking among the top 20 universities in Portugal. It offers various programs and has a strong emphasis on practical experience and environmental stewardship.

Prestigious Degrees:

• Meteorology, Oceanology, and Geography
• Biomedical Engineering
• Biomedical Science
• Electrical and Computer Engineering
• Biochemistry
• Environmental Engineering
• Exact Sciences
• Marine Science
• Accounting
• Economics and Business
• Psychology
• Journalism
• Foreign Languages
• Publishing
• Industrial Design
• Speech Therapy

The Best Universities in Lisbon and Porto

Frankly speaking, Lisbon and Porto are the largest two cities in Portugal, and almost half of the country’s population is located there. Almost all Portuguese universities are well-known and offer good education quality. However, Lisbon and Porto’s universities are the most famous ones.

Lisbon comes first as the capital of the country, with its beautiful coast on the Atlantic Ocean, and most of the national financial, trade, entertainment, and education institutions are located there.

Porto, the second-largest city in Portugal, is the center of the industrial main offices of the country, where international corporations are located, and the city also has a rich historical heritage.

Universities in Lisbon and Porto are recognized in world rankings, highlighting their international standing.

Here is a summarized table with the best universities in Lisbon and Porto with the average of their tuition fees:

Top Universities in Madeira

Located on the Atlantic Ocean to the southwest of Portugal, Madeira is a beautiful touristic destination. This autonomous island is full of botanical gardens, beautiful beaches, and numerous schools for water sports including windsurfing and diving.

The Universidade da Madeira (University of Madeira) is one of the top 20 universities in Portugal. Founded in 1988 in Funchal, it is now part of the CMU/Portugal agreement in Computer Engineering, Human-Computer Interaction, and Entertainment Technology.

Students can choose to study at one of its scientific, engineering, medical, and humanitarian faculties. Courses are taught in Portuguese, and the annual tuition fee is about €1,000.

Top Universities in the Algarve

The Algarve is a popular destination for tourists due to its beautiful coastline and warm climate. The Universidade do Algarve (University of Algarve) is a significant educational institution in the region, welcoming almost 10,000 students every year. It is a member of the Association of European Universities and offers a range of specialized programs. The annual tuition fee is between €2,000 and €4,000.

Top Universities in Other Regions of Portugal

Lisbon and Porto are not the only options for students who want to study in Portugal. There are many other high-quality institutions around the country. From the north to the south of Portugal, you will find options depending on your field of study, including the autonomous islands of Madeira and the Azores. Every region in Portugal has unique characteristics that make it a good choice for students.

Selecting the Right Portuguese University

Portugal is a popular destination in Europe for students seeking high-quality education at affordable rates. Portuguese universities are highly focused on research and practical studies, providing students with numerous opportunities for growth.

The cost of living in Portugal is relatively low, offering a good quality of life compared to other European countries. With its Mediterranean climate, beautiful beaches, and rich natural beauty, Portugal is an excellent place for both studying and living.

If you’re considering studying in Portugal, be sure to choose a university that matches your academic and personal needs. Whatever city you choose, you’re likely to enjoy a rewarding educational experience.

Exploring Visa and Immigration Options for Portugal

If you're considering making the move to Portugal, it's essential to be informed about the various visa and residency options available. The Golden Visa Portugal program is an attractive option for many, offering residency to investors and their families. For those eyeing retirement in this beautiful country, the Retirement Visa (D7) is tailored for you. Digital nomads can take advantage of both short and long stay options with the Nomad Visa (D8). Meanwhile, the NHR - Non Habitual Tax regime provides significant tax benefits for new residents. 

For the entrepreneurial spirit, Portugal offers the Entrepreneurship/startup Visa (D2) - Start-up Visa (open company) tailored for those looking to establish their businesses in the country. Those with specialized skills can explore the Work visa for highly qualified employees (D3). Additionally, if you have Portuguese ancestry, you might be eligible for Citizenship by descent. 

However, moving to a new country isn't just about visas. If you're thinking of buying property, our guide on Buying Property in Portugal can offer invaluable insights. Dive deeper into the immigration process with our comprehensive Portugal immigration guide. For Americans specifically looking to relocate, we have curated information on Americans moving to Portugal. Lastly, one can't forget the importance of the NIF (Tax Registration Number), a crucial step in any relocation process. 

FAQs

Are universities in Portugal free?

Higher education in Portugal is free for Portuguese and EU citizens. Non-EU students typically pay tuition fees, which vary by university and program. For most international students, the fees range between €3,000 and €12,500 per year.

Are there English universities in Portugal?

Many universities in Portugal offer programs in English, especially at the postgraduate level. Notable universities such as the University of Lisbon and the University of Porto provide a range of courses in English.

Can Americans go to university in Portugal?

Yes, American students can attend universities in Portugal. They need to meet the admission requirements and apply for a student visa. Portugal’s universities are open to international students, and many offer programs in English.

Which Portuguese university is best for international students?

The best university for international students can vary based on individual needs, but the University of Porto, University of Lisbon, and the New University of Lisbon are highly regarded for their diverse programs and strong international student communities.