Top 10 Universities in Portugal: The Complete Guide 2024

If you want to further your studies in Portugal, there are plenty of institutions to choose from. There are 13 public universities, one public university institute, a public open university, and several private universities and university institutes. Additionally, the country has 15 state-run polytechnic institutes and various private polytechnic schools.

The University of Lisbon, the largest university in Portugal, stands out with its significant student population of over 47,000 and prestigious academic programs. Portugal’s oldest university, the University of Coimbra, has a rich history of over 700 years and contributes significantly to the cultural and academic landscape of the city.

In this article, we will cover essential information about higher education in Portugal, including the enrollment processes and tuition fees.

You’ll also find out more about:

• Top 10 universities in Portugal
• Scholarship possibilities
• The cost of higher education in Portugal

Top 10 Universities in Portugal

Portugal’s universities are internationally well-known for their high-quality education and prestigious programs. Portugal’s oldest university, the University of Coimbra, stands out with its rich history of over 700 years and vibrant student community.

Here’s a closer look at the top 10 universities in Portugal:

1. University of Porto

The University of Porto (Universidade do Porto) is one of Portugal’s premier academic institutions. Established in 1911, the university is well-known for its strong research output, diverse academic programs, and commitment to innovation. With 14 faculties, it focuses on a range of disciplines, including science, engineering, and the arts, offering various undergraduate, postgraduate, and doctoral degrees.

Globally recognized, the University of Porto frequently ranks among the top universities in Portugal. Its historic and modern campuses blend tradition with state-of-the-art facilities. The university’s international collaborations attract students and researchers from around the world, making it a hub for academic and cultural exchange.

It offers more than 600 programs, attracting 3,280 international students each year.

2. University of Lisbon

The University of Lisbon (Universidade de Lisboa) is Portugal’s largest and most prestigious university. Established in 1911 and later merged with the Technical University of Lisbon in 2013, it combines a rich academic history with a modern approach to education. The university offers a wide range of undergraduate, postgraduate, and doctoral programs across disciplines such as sciences, humanities, engineering, and social sciences.

With state-of-the-art facilities, a focus on research, and strong international collaborations, it attracts students from around the world. Its urban campus provides vibrant academic and cultural experiences in one of Europe’s iconic cities. It is a popular choice among international students, with over 8,000 foreign enrollees each year.

3. University of Aveiro

The University of Aveiro (Universidade de Aveiro), established in 1973, is a modern and dynamic institution located in the coastal city of Aveiro, which is often referred to as the “Portuguese Venice.” Recognized for its innovative approach to education and research, the university excels in fields such as technology, engineering, environmental sciences, and management.

The University of Aveiro maintains a strong connection with various industries, positioning itself as a leader in applied research and innovation. Its vibrant campus attracts a diverse student body, including over 2,000 international students from more than 80 countries. Known for its commitment to sustainability and interdisciplinary programs, the university serves as a hub for global academic collaboration.

4. University of Coimbra

The University of Coimbra (Universidade de Coimbra), founded in 1290, is one of the oldest universities in Europe and a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Located in the historic city of Coimbra, it is renowned for its rich academic traditions and stunning architecture, including the iconic Joanina Library, which inspired The Great Hall in the Harry Potter film franchise. The university offers various programs across various faculties, such as humanities, medicine, law, engineering, and sciences.

With strong international ties, the University of Coimbra attracts students from over 100 countries, creating a vibrant global community. Its focus on research, cultural heritage, and academic excellence distinguishes it as a prominent institution in Portugal and beyond.

5. Universidade Nova de Lisboa

The New University of Lisbon, commonly known as NOVA, was established in 1973 and is well-known for its innovative approach to education and research.

Located primarily in Lisbon, the university has several campuses and schools that offer programs in various fields, including economics, technology, law, and health sciences. NOVA is internationally recognized and frequently appears in global university rankings due to its academic excellence and research output.

The university attracts a large number of international students, hosting over 4,000 from around 120 countries. NOVA’s emphasis on global collaboration and its vibrant, multicultural environment make it a significant destination for higher education in Portugal.

6. University of Minho

The University of Minho, founded in 1973, is a leading institution located in Braga and Guimarães. Known for its research focus, it excels in fields like engineering, computer science, social sciences, and humanities.

It plays a pivotal role in regional development and innovation, fostering strong ties with local industries and international partners. Minho is recognized for its modern facilities, dynamic academic environment, and entrepreneurship emphasis.

It participates actively in European programs such as Erasmus+, attracting international students. With cutting-edge research, especially in nanotechnology and health, it offers a diverse and forward-thinking educational experience.

7. Instituto Universitário de Lisboa

ISCTE, established in 1972, is a prominent public university located in Lisbon. It specializes in social sciences, business, public policy, and technology. Known for its interdisciplinary approach, ISCTE integrates research and teaching to address contemporary societal challenges.

It boasts strong programs in management and urban studies, as well as a focus on entrepreneurship and innovation. ISCTE is highly internationalized, with partnerships worldwide and a diverse student body. It prioritizes sustainability and inclusion, making it a hub for progressive academic thought and a popular choice for both Portuguese and international students.

8. Universidade Católica Portuguesa

The Catholic University of Portugal, founded in 1967, is a prestigious private university with campuses in Lisbon, Porto, Braga, and Viseu. It is well-known for programs in law, business, economics, and theology.

UCP is consistently ranked among Portugal’s top universities, recognized for academic excellence and strong connections to the global Catholic network. Its Lisbon School of Business & Economics is particularly acclaimed.

UCP combines rigorous academics with ethical and cultural values, offering a holistic education. The university attracts a diverse student body, providing a global perspective and opportunities for international study and collaboration.

9. University of Beira Interior

Located in Covilhã, a city nestled in Portugal’s interior mountains, UBI was established in 1979. It offers a unique mix of tradition and modernity, with programs in aeronautics, health sciences, engineering, and social sciences.

UBI is renowned for its aeronautics program, housing Portugal’s only civil aviation course. Its commitment to research is reflected in state-of-the-art laboratories and international collaborations. UBI provides an intimate academic setting that fosters innovation and hands-on learning.

Its scenic location and focus on quality education attract students looking for specialized programs in a supportive and innovative environment.

10. Polytechnic Institute of Porto

The Polytechnic Institute of Porto, or P.PORTO, is one of Portugal’s largest and most diverse higher education institutions. Established in 1985, it includes multiple schools across Porto, focusing on arts, business, engineering, and health sciences.

P.PORTO emphasizes applied learning and vocational training, bridging the gap between academia and industry. Its graduates are known for their strong practical skills and employability.

The institute also fosters innovation through entrepreneurship programs and research projects. Its vibrant urban campuses, combined with collaborations with local and global industries, make it an attractive option for career-focused students.

How the Higher Education System Works in Portugal

Choosing Portugal for higher education is a smart decision. The higher education system in the country is divided into two main categories:

• University education
• Polytechnic education (non-university higher education)

Universities in Portugal focus on academic research and offer a wide range of subjects, while polytechnic institutions prepare students for specific careers through a more practical approach. Public universities generally charge lower tuition fees than private universities.

Private universities have their own entrance requirements that differ from those of public universities. Both educational systems are part of the European Higher Education Area (EHEA) through the Bologna Process, which facilitates international student mobility and the recognition of academic qualifications.

Bachelor’s or Licentiate’s Degree (Licenciatura)

Both university and polytechnic institutions offer a Licenciado degree, equivalent to a Bachelor’s degree. It typically takes three to four years to complete, but the program may extend to six years for specialized fields such as law or medicine.

The Licenciatura includes a combination of coursework and practical experience, such as internships, to prepare students for their careers. Upon completion, graduates may pursue further studies or enter the workforce with a solid educational foundation.

Master’s Degree (Mestrado)

A master’s degree, or Mestrado, usually takes one to two years to complete and requires students to conduct research or complete a significant project. Some programs, especially those in Medicine and Law, may require a longer period.

The master’s degree deepens knowledge in a specific field and prepares students for advanced career roles or further academic research. Many programs offer internships and research project opportunities in collaboration with industry partners.

Doctorate (Doutoramento)

The Doctorate, or Doutoramento, is Portugal’s highest academic qualification level. Research performance is a key metric in university rankings. Doctoral students work on their research projects at their own pace, typically over a period of three to four years.

The country provides scholarships for doctoral students, starting at €1,000 per year, to support their research and living expenses. The Doctorate involves in-depth research in a chosen field, culminating in a doctoral thesis that contributes new knowledge to the discipline.

The Cost of Higher Education in Portugal

Portugal’s higher education system is competitive and known for its affordability. Admission to universities in Portugal depends on exam results and available places. For EU citizens, higher education is effectively free, with only a minimal annual administrative fee of around €700. Eligibility for this free education includes:

1. EU citizens.
2. Applicants whose spouses or parents are EU citizens.
3. Foreigners living legally in Portugal for over two years.

Non-EU students face tuition fees ranging from €3,000 to €12,000 per year. English-taught programs are generally more expensive. Despite these fees, higher education in Portugal remains relatively affordable compared to many other European countries. For example, tuition fees in the UK can range from €17,000 to €36,000 per year.

Additionally, the cost of living in Portugal is lower than in Germany and the UK. Student dormitories cost about €200 per month, while studio apartments range from €500 to €600 per month. Students can benefit from discounts on public transportation and other services, making Portugal a cost-effective option for higher education.

Scholarships Possibilities in Portuguese Universities

Portugal offers various grants and scholarships to support both EU and non-EU students. Students must apply to a university recognized by the Portuguese Ministry of Education to be eligible for these scholarships. Some notable scholarship opportunities include:

• University of Coimbra: Portugal’s oldest university offers discounts on tuition and accommodations for high-performing students, making it an attractive option for those seeking financial support.
• University of Porto: This university provides scholarships that can be equivalent to a salary in Portugal, helping students manage their living and study expenses.
• Catholic University of Lisbon: Offers substantial tuition discounts, ranging from 50% to 75%, making education more accessible for students from diverse backgrounds.
• University of Aveiro: Provides €1,000 off tuition fees for high-achieving students, supporting those with exceptional academic records. Scholarship providers include the DGES, FCT, and the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, which offer various funding opportunities for doctoral students and research projects.

How to Prepare for Admission to a Portuguese University

Both national and international students must prepare thoroughly for admission to universities in Portugal. The preparation process involves:

1. Completion of Secondary Education: Students must have completed secondary education or possess an equivalent qualification to apply for undergraduate programs.
2. Entrance Examinations: Depending on the program, students may need to pass specific entrance exams or provide equivalent results from foreign tests.
3. Prerequisites: Some programs have specific prerequisites or requirements that students must meet.

International applicants must often have A-levels or an International Baccalaureate (IB). Students not meeting these requirements may consider enrolling in a Foundation program to bridge the gap and prepare for higher education in Portugal.

Enrollment Process at a Portuguese University

The enrollment process at Portuguese universities involves several steps and varies depending on whether you’re a citizen or an international student.

Citizen students

Portuguese students typically take the “Exames Nacionais do Ensino Secundário” (ENES), which are standardized secondary education exams. These scores are used to apply through the centralized system called Direção-Geral do Ensino Superior (DGES). Students register on the DGES platform and select their preferred university programs. Applications are ranked based on exam scores and program cutoffs.

After the results are announced, students confirm their place at the university where they were admitted. Unsuccessful candidates can participate in further admission rounds. Then, students complete registration directly at the chosen university by submitting documents, paying fees, and finalizing course selections.

For international students

In addition to verifying the academic and language requirements of the program, international students typically need a high school diploma equivalent to the Portuguese 12th grade. A CIPLE (A2/B1) language certificate is usually required if the program is in Portuguese, whereas English programs often require TOEFL, IELTS, or similar tests.

Applications are submitted directly to the university or via platforms like Candidatura Online for certain institutions. While it can differ between universities, the required documents usually include:

• Academic transcripts
• Statement of Purpose
• Letters of Recommendation
• Passport copy
• Proof of financial means (sometimes)

Some universities may require additional entrance exams specific to certain programs (e.g., medicine, engineering). After evaluation, successful applicants receive an acceptance letter necessary for applying for a Portugal Student Visa, which must be done at the Portuguese consulate in their home country. The process may take several weeks. Upon arrival in Portugal, finalize registration at the university, including paying tuition and confirming accommodation.

Exploring Visa and Immigration Options for Portugal

If you're considering making the move to Portugal, it's essential to be informed about the various visa and residency options available. The Golden Visa Portugal program is an attractive option for many, offering residency to investors and their families. For those eyeing retirement in this beautiful country, the Retirement Visa (D7) is tailored for you. Digital nomads can take advantage of both short and long stay options with the Nomad Visa (D8). Meanwhile, the NHR - Non Habitual Tax regime provides significant tax benefits for new residents. 

For the entrepreneurial spirit, Portugal offers the Entrepreneurship/startup Visa (D2) - Start-up Visa (open company) tailored for those looking to establish their businesses in the country. Those with specialized skills can explore the Work visa for highly qualified employees (D3). Additionally, if you have Portuguese ancestry, you might be eligible for Citizenship by descent. 

However, moving to a new country isn't just about visas. If you're thinking of buying property, our guide on Buying Property in Portugal can offer invaluable insights. Dive deeper into the immigration process with our comprehensive Portugal immigration guide. For Americans specifically looking to relocate, we have curated information on Americans moving to Portugal. Lastly, one can't forget the importance of the NIF (Tax Registration Number), a crucial step in any relocation process. 

FAQs

Are universities in Portugal free?

Higher education in Portugal is free for Portuguese and EU citizens. Non-EU students typically pay tuition fees, which vary by university and program. For most international students, the fees range between €3,000 and €12,500 per year.

Are there English universities in Portugal?

Many universities in Portugal offer programs in English, especially at the postgraduate level. Notable universities such as the University of Lisbon and the University of Porto provide a range of courses in English.

Can Americans go to university in Portugal?

Yes, American students can attend universities in Portugal. They need to meet the admission requirements and apply for a student visa. Portugal’s universities are open to international students, and many offer programs in English.

Which Portuguese university is best for international students?

The best university for international students can vary based on individual needs, but the University of Porto, University of Lisbon, and the New University of Lisbon are highly regarded for their diverse programs and strong international student communities.